四川省65~74歲老年人口腔衛(wèi)生服務(wù)利用狀況及影響因素

[中圖分類號(hào)]R780.1[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A [doi] 10.7518/gjkq.2025056

Utilizationand influencing factors of oral health services among elderly people aged 65-74 years in Sichuan Province， China

YangHuiyu，DengYalan，RenShirui2，WangShimeng，CaiHe，ChengLi，HuTao

1.StateKeyLaboratoryofOralDiseasesamp;NationalCenterforStomatologyamp;NationalClinicalResearchCenterfor OralDiseasesamp;FrontierInnovationCenterforDentalMedicinePlusamp;Dept.ofPreventiveDentistry，WestChinaHospitalofStomatologyicuanUnivesityhengduina；2.eptofCriologyndEndodonticstomatlogical Hospital of Xiamen Medical Colegeamp; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment， Xiamen36lo08，China；3.StateKeyLaboratoryofOralDiseasesamp;NationalCenterforStomatologyamp;NationalClinicalResearch CenterforOralDiseasesamp;Frontier InnovationCenterforDentalMedicinePlusamp;Dept.ofOralMedicine， WestChinaHospitaloftomatology，SichuanUniversity，Chengdu6loo41，China Supportedby：NationalKeyResearchandDevelopmentProgramofChina（2O23YFC36056o0）；NationalNaturalScience FoundationofChina（7204162）；ClinicalResearchProjectofWestChinaHospitalofStomatologychuanUniversity

（LCYJ-ZD-202301）

Correspondence：Hu Tao，Email：hutao@scu.edu.cn [Abstract] ObjectiveTo understand the utilization oforal health services amongelderlyindividualsaged 65-74 years in Sichuan Province，China； evaluate the influencingfactors；and providereferencesforelderlyoral health care policies.MethodsData from the Fourth

National Oral Health Survey in Sichuan Province were used.The Anderson model wasapplied as a theoretical framework.Descriptivestatistics，chi-square tests，multiplelogisticregresion，andstructuralquationmodeling wereusedto analyze theutilization oforal health services and their influencing factors among elderly individuals.ResultsAtotal of 744 elderly individualsparticipated inthesurvey.Theutilizationrateoforal health services inthepast12 months was 2 4 . 1 % ，withonly 8 . 4 % of those pertaining to consultation and prevention.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealedtateducationlevel，placeofresidence，self-ssssmentoforalhalth，brushingfrequencyandthenumberofremaining teeth influencedtheutilizationoforalhealth services.Structural modelanalysis indicatedthatlow educationlevels，ruralresidence，lowbrushingfrequencythepresenceof2Oormoreteeth，andgoodself-assessmentoforalhealth were associated with low utilization rates oforal health services among elderly individuals.ConclusionThe utilization rateoforalhealth servicesamong elderlyindividualsaged 65-74years in Sichuan Provinceisrelativelylow，withmost services being fortreatmentpuposes.Utilizationis influencedbyeducationlevel，placeofresidence，self-assssmentof oral health，brushing frequency，and the numberof teeth.

[Key words] oral health services；Anderson model；elderly people；structural equation model；regresion analysis

中國老齡化人群日益增大，預(yù)計(jì)2057年會(huì)達(dá)到4.25億的峰值[。龐大的老齡人口使衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)背負(fù)著巨大的疾病負(fù)擔(dān)2。口腔衛(wèi)生服務(wù)在預(yù)防和治療口腔疾病方面發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用[3-4。然而，口腔衛(wèi)生資源的分配存在嚴(yán)重的不平衡[5。相對(duì)于兒童和成年人，老年人的口腔健康形勢(shì)更加嚴(yán)峻。在很多發(fā)展中國家，老年人在獲取口腔衛(wèi)生服務(wù)上仍面臨挑戰(zhàn)。口腔衛(wèi)生服務(wù)利用率被定義為過去12個(gè)月內(nèi)是否使用過口腔衛(wèi)生服務(wù)8。老年人口腔衛(wèi)生服務(wù)利用可能受人口學(xué)特征、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、健康需求等多方面因素的影響[]

安德森模型（Andersonmodel）的全稱是安德森醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)利用行為模型，該模型認(rèn)為個(gè)體尋求和利用醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的決策主要受3種因素影響：人口學(xué)特征（傾向因素）、可利用的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生資源（使能因素）、感知到的健康問題和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的需求程度（需求因素），3種因素共同作用于個(gè)體的口腔健康行為和口腔健康結(jié)果[12-13]。安德森模型在解釋和預(yù)測(cè)口腔衛(wèi)生服務(wù)方面有著廣泛的應(yīng)用[14-16]

本研究旨在調(diào)查四川省65＼～74歲老年人口腔衛(wèi)生服務(wù)利用現(xiàn)狀，使用安德森模型為框架，分析老年人口腔衛(wèi)生服務(wù)利用的影響因素，為后續(xù)針對(duì)性開展口腔預(yù)防保健工作，為老年人口腔健康教育和行為干預(yù)提供參考依據(jù)。

方案》，選取65＼～74歲老年群體作為研究對(duì)象。樣本量計(jì)算公式： （1-非響應(yīng)率）。上式中設(shè)計(jì)效率 d e f f = 2 . 5 ，置信水平 μ = 1 . 9 6 誤差限 ε=1 0 % ；根據(jù)第3次全國口腔健康流行病學(xué)調(diào)查報(bào)告發(fā)布的結(jié)果，65＼～74歲老年人患齲率 p= 8 6 % ，非響應(yīng)率為 。……