染料/無機鹽高效選擇分離性含納米空腔納濾膜的制備

摘 要： 為提高納濾膜的水滲透通量、染料/無機鹽選擇分離性和抗污染能力，合成了氨基修飾的β-環糊精（Amino-functionalized β-cyclodextrins， NCD），通過界面聚合法制備印染廢水處理用NCD摻雜的納濾膜（NCD nanofiltration membranes， NCDM）；分析NCD的化學結構，表征NCDM的化學組成、表面形貌和膜表面親水性，并對NCDM的分離性能、穩定性和抗污染進行表征。結果表明：NCD成功修飾上氨基基團；與β-環糊精相比，NCD具有更強的界面聚合能力。當NCD的質量分數為0.7%時，制備的納濾膜性能最佳，水滲透通量為10.6 L/（m²·h·bar）；與β-環糊精制備的納濾膜相比，NCDM水滲透通量提升1.3倍；與哌嗪類聚酰胺納濾膜相比，水滲透通量提升1.8倍。NCDM對染料甲基藍（MYB）和氯化鈉（NaCl）的截留率為99.9%和7.9%，具有良好的染料和NaCl的分離能力。NCDM對MYB和NaCl的選擇分離因子可達440。此外，NCDM-3具有良好的性能穩定性和抗污染能力。NCDM-3對MYB/NaCl的混合溶液進行24 h連續分離，其水滲透通量穩定在約9.8 L/（m²·h·bar），對MYB和NaCl的截留率分別為99.8%和11.0%。在以0.1 g/L的牛血清白蛋白溶液為污染源的抗污染實驗中，NCDM-3的通量恢復率高達95.5%。該研究工作為制備高滲透性以及高染料/無機鹽選擇性的納濾膜提供了一種有效方法。

關鍵詞：納濾膜；氨基修飾的環糊精；界面聚合；染料/無機鹽的分離；抗污染

中圖分類號：TQ028.8

文獻標志碼：A

文章編號：1673-3851 （2025） 03-0146-11

引文格式：夏文，黃亦涵，秘一芳. 染料/無機鹽高效選擇分離性含納米空腔納濾膜的制備［J］. 浙江理工大學學報（自然科學），2025，53（2）：146-156.

Reference Format： XIA Wen，HUANG Yihan，MI Yifang. Preparation of nanofiltration membranes with nanocavity for efficent separation selectivity of dye/inorganic salt ［J］. Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University，2025，53（2）：146-156.

Preparation of nanofiltration membranes with nanocavity for efficent separation selectivity of dye/inorganic salt

XIA Wen， HUANG Yihan， MI Yifang

（Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology， Ministry of Education， Zhejiang Sci-Tech University， Hangzhou 310018， China）

Abstract：To improve the water permeation flux， dye/inorganic salt separation selectivity， and anti-fouling performance of nanofiltration membranes， amino-functionalized β-cyclodextrins （NCDs） were synthesized， and nanofiltration membranes （NCDMs） for the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater were prepared via interfacial polymerization. The chemical structures of NCDs were fully analyzed; the chemical compositions， surface morphologies， surface hydrophilicity， separation performance， stability and anti-fouling performance of NCDMs were characterized. The results showed that NCDs were successfully modified on amino groups. Compared with β-cyclodextrins， NCDs had better interfacial polymerization ability. When the mass fraction of NCDs was 0.7%， the water permeation flux was 10.6 L/（m²·h·bar）， which was 1.3 times and 1.8 times higher than that of nanofiltration membranes prepared by β-cyclodextrins and piperazine polyamides， respectively. Meanwhile， NCDMs had a rejection rate of 99.9% and 7.9% for methylene blue （MYB） and sodium chloride （NaCl） respectively， indicating good separation ability for dyes and NaCl. The selective separation factors of NCDMs for MYB and NaCl could reach 440. In addition， NCDM-3 showed good stability and anti-fouling ability. The MYB/NaCl mixture was separated continuously by NCDM-3 for 24 h， the water permeation flux of NCDM-3 maintained at 9.8 L/（m²·h·bar） and its rejection rate to dye and NaCl was 99.8% and 11.0%， respectively. In the anti-fouling experiment with 0.1 g/L bovine serum albumin solution as the pollution source， the flux recovery rate of NCDM-3 was as high as 95.5%. This study provides a facile method to prepare nanofiltration membranes with high permeability and dye/inorganic salt selectivity.

Key words：nanofiltration membrane; amino functionalized β-cyclodextrin; interfacial polymerization; dye/inorganic salt separation; anti-fouling

0 引 言

隨著全球城市化和工業化的快速發展，環境污染和水資源短缺問題日益嚴重。全球每年排放的廢水約為3500億立方米^［1］，其中印染廢水約占工業廢水的20%^［2］。……