
ABSTRACT:Renal tumor scoring systems can describe the anatomical characteristics of renal tumors. It is an important standard to evaluate the surgical complexity and to evaluate the surgical complexity and feasibility of partial nephrectomy. Scholars at home and abroad have established various scoring systems based on different anatomical parameters,such as R.E.N.A.L.,PADUA,C-Index,which are used to guide the clinical selection of surgical modalities,and predict perioperative complications and prognosis. In this paper,various scoring systems are grouped into three major categories according to their functions:prediction of surgical complexity,prediction of complications,and prediction of prognosis. The contents,characteristics and clinical application value of various renal tumor scoring systems are introduced in detail to guide urologists,enhance their surgical decision-making ability,and improve the clinical outcomes.
摘要:腎腫瘤評分系統可以描述腎腫瘤的解剖特征,是評估手術復雜程度、評價腎部分切除術可行性的重要標準。國內外學者基于不同解剖參數構建了許多腎腫瘤評分系統,如R.E.N.A.L.、PADUA、C-Index等,對指導臨床手術方式選擇、預測圍手術期并發癥和預后有重要意義。本文按照主要功能歸納了預測手術復雜程度的15個、預測并發癥的6個、預測預后的4個共3大類25個評分系統,綜述各種腎腫瘤評分系統的內容、特點及臨床應用價值,以幫助泌尿外科醫師根據自身經驗整合運用,增強手術決策能力,提高臨床治療效果。
關鍵詞:腎腫瘤;評分系統;腎部分切除術;解剖學特征
中圖分類號:R737.11" " " " 文獻標志碼:A" " " " " "DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-8291.2025.04.016
全球范圍內,腎細胞癌的發病率位居第14位,占所有新增腫瘤病例的2.2%[1]。隨著診斷技術的不斷進步,早期腎癌的檢出率越來越高[2]。對于局限于腎臟的腎細胞癌,首選手術治療,即腎部分切除術(partial nephrectomy,PN)或根治性腎切除術(radicalnephrectomy,RN)[3]。PN可有效控制腫瘤的遠處轉移,降低術后并發癥發生風險[4-6],且遠期療效和總生存率與RN相當[7-8]。PN技術較為復雜,如果術前對于腫瘤大小、空間位置和血管等解剖學特征評估不準確,術后容易出現血尿、漏尿、腎功能不全等并發癥。國內外諸多學者基于以上認識,相繼提出了若干術前腎臟腫瘤評分系統,其中R.E.N.A.L.[9]、PADUA[10]及C-Index[11]評分被稱為第一代評分系統[12],在臨床上被廣泛運用,其他評分系統被統稱為第二代評分系統。本文基于不同評分系統的設計及功能,對現有評分系統進行分類,以期為臨床醫師合理選擇手術方式和治療策略提供參考。……