慎刑

古代法律思想?！吧餍獭笔侵钢氐螺p刑，反對嚴刑峻法的法律原則。這一原則起源于西周時期，在唐代達到鼎盛，此后長期占據主流法律思想地位。經儒法兩派深化，“慎刑”思想全面滲入古代法律運作，發展出一系列法律制度?！暗轮餍梯o”“明德慎罰”“三宥三赦”“罪疑惟輕”“五覆奏”等便是典型。

This is an ancient legal thought and a legal principle emphasizing morality over punishment， and opposing severe punishment and stringent laws. It originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty， and was upheld as a mainstream legal thought for a long period of time after reaching its peak in the Tang Dynasty. Thanks to the promotion by Confucianism and the Legalist School， it became fully integrated into ancient legal operations， and gave rise to a series of legal principles. Among them， “morality given priority over penalty， ” “the illustration of virtue and the cautious use of punishments， ” “leniency for three kinds of criminal circumstances and pardon for three kinds of criminals， ” “dealing with doubtful crimes lightly”and“five rounds of reassessment of death sentences” are typical representatives.

引例 Citation：

◎ 往者有司多舉奏赦前事，累增罪過，誅陷亡辜，殆非重信慎刑，灑心自新之意

也。（《漢書·平帝紀》）（從前有司奏請多涉及赦免前事者，結果是累積增加罪過，責備陷害無罪之人，這恐怕不是注重信譽慎用刑法、洗心自新的辦法。）

Previously， the petitions of related departments to pardon offenders merely aggravated crimes and led to the framing of innocent people. I am afraid that is not a proper way to advocate credibility and prudent enforcement of the criminal law for criminals to turn a new leaf. （The History of the Han Dynasty）

（本欄目文章摘自教育部、國家語委重大工程“中華思想文化術語傳播工程”項目。）