鮮食菊花周年生產種植技術

摘要" 為滿足市場對鮮食菊花的需求，解決單一應季生產問題。本文以鮮食菊花品種黃球的生產實踐為基礎，從采穗、扦插、定植、摘心和養護等方面總結分析了鮮食菊花的周年生產種植技術。通過每月安排一批種植苗來調整收獲茬口，配置合適的采穗圃，以一年生母本頂稍為最優插穗，利用大棚自動化設施，配合溫濕度和光照控制，促進扦插苗生根；選擇適宜的基質袋栽定植，根據食用菊用途確定是否摘心；生產過程中，合理進行水肥管理、病蟲害防治、光暗及溫度控制等；通過裱桿、抹芽，去蕾、套袋等管理細節實現鮮食菊花安全生產。目的在于實現鮮食菊花周年生產，為其生產、種植和推廣提供參考。

關鍵詞" 鮮食菊花；種植技術；周年生產；病蟲害防治

中圖分類號" S621"""""" 文獻標識碼" A"""""" 文章編號" 1007-7731（2024）21-0088-06

DOI號" 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.21.018

基金項目 中山市地方特色花木種質資源保護和開發利用（H220517）。

作者簡介 岑若邦（1995—），男，廣東肇慶人，碩士，從事菊花栽培與引種試驗研究。

通信作者 郁書君（1966—），男，安徽六安人，博士，副教授，從事杜鵑、繡球、三角梅和菊花引種試驗與新品種培育工作。

收稿日期 2024-07-15

Fresh Chrysanthemum annual production and planting technology

CEN Ruobang""" LI Meifen""" LIU Jiamei""" JING Yanzhi""" YU Shujun

（South China Agricultural University， Guangzhou 510642， China）

Abstract" To meet the market demand for fresh Chrysanthemum and solve the problem of single season production. The annual production and planting techniques of fresh Chrysanthemum were summarized and analyzed， from the aspects of harvesting， cutting， planting， heart picking， and maintenance based on the production practice of Huangqiu of fresh Chrysanthemum. By arranging a batch of planting seedlings every month to adjust the harvest crop， setting up a suitable ear picking nursery， and using one year old mother plants for optimal ear insertion， utilizing greenhouse automation facilities， combined with temperature， humidity， and light control， the rooting of cuttings was promoted. Choose suitable substrate bags for planting and determine whether to pick the heart based on the intended use of edible chrysanthemums. Reasonable management of water and fertilizer， prevention and control of pests and diseases， control of lighting and temperature during the production process. By implementing management details such as framing， sprouting， removing buds， and bagging， the safe production of fresh Chrysanthemum can be achieved. The purpose is to achieve annual production of fresh Chrysanthemum and provide references for its production， cultivation， and promotion.

Keywords" Fresh Chrysanthemum; planting technology; annual production; disease and pest control

鮮食菊花品種黃球屬菊科（Asteraceae），菊屬（Chrysanthemum）植物，株高可達1.5"m，花朵重量可達315 g[1]。菊花富含多種氨基酸、維生素和微量元素[2]，既可以補充人體所需的必要營養成分，又具備清熱、祛風、明目和降血壓等功效[3]。近年來，食用菊花作為特種蔬菜的需求量逐漸增加。黃球屬于秋菊，正常花期一年生長一季，較難滿足市場需求，其周年生產成為研究的重要方向之一。……