網絡干預在孤獨癥譜系障礙兒童中應用的范圍綜述

Internet intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder：a scoping review

WU Bowen，KONG Xiangying，SONG Fuxiang，LI Yuhong，FU Wenjing，WANG Chu

School of Rehabilitation Medicine，Jiamusi University，Heilongjiang 154007 ChinaCorresponding Author KONG Xiangying，E-mail：kxylindsay@163.com

Abstract Objective：To review the scope of the researches of internet intervention in children with autism spectrum disorders in order to identify the content elements and application status of internet intervention.The purpose is to provide some reference for the rehabilitation and nursing of autism spectrum disorders in the future.Methods：The JBI Scope Review Guide was used as the methodological framework，a literature search was performed in the PubMed，Web of Science，Science Direct，CNKI，WanFang Database，VIP，and CBM to identify relevant studies.The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to December 2022.The included studies were summarized and analyzed.Results：A total of 20 articles were included.The content elements of internet intervention included the provision basic knowledge，rehabilitation training skill guidance，and symptomatic training guidance for various abilities，caregiver guidance，feedback，contact and guidance with professionals.The types of outcomes mainly involve children with autism spectrum disorders，caregivers and feasibility evaluation.The effectiveness and feasibility of intervention have been preliminarily confirmed.Conclusion：Internet intervention has played a positive role in autism spectrum disorders children.In the future，targeted intervention programs should be developed according to children with autism spectrum disorders of different characteristics.Large sample，multi-center and diversified research design evaluates the intervention effect and cost-effectiveness.

Keywords autism spectrum disorders；internet intervention；children；caregivers；scoping review

摘要 目的：對網絡干預在孤獨癥譜系障礙（ASD）兒童中的應用研究進行范圍審查，以識別網絡干預的內容要素及應用現狀，為未來ASD兒童康復及護理提供一定參考。方法：以Joanna Briggs Institute（JBI）范圍綜述指南為方法學框架，檢索PubMed、Web of Science、Science Direct、中國知網、萬方數據庫、維普數據庫和中國生物醫學文獻數據庫中的相關研究。檢索時限為建庫至2022年12月。對所納入的文獻進行匯總和分析。結果：納入20篇文獻，網絡干預的內容要素包括提供基本知識、康復訓練技能指導、各項能力對癥訓練指導、照顧者指導方式、反饋方式和與專業人員聯系指導。結局類型主要為對ASD兒童和照顧者的干預效果及可行性的評價指標。干預的有效性及可行性已得到初步證實。結論：網絡干預對ASD兒童起到了積極作用，未來需根據不同特點的ASD兒童研制具有針對性的干預方案，并通過大樣本、多中心、多元化研究設計進一步評估干預效果及成本效益。

關鍵詞 孤獨癥譜系障礙；網絡干預；兒童；照顧者；范圍綜述

doi：10.12102/j.issn.2095-8668.2024.15.009

孤獨癥譜系障礙（autism spectrum disorder，ASD），簡稱孤獨癥，是一組以社交溝通障礙、興趣或活動范圍狹窄以及重復刻板行為為主要特征的神經發育性障礙［1］。2023年3月，美國疾病預防與控制中心最新報告：美國8歲ASD兒童的患病率上升至2.76%［2］；神經科學通報發布，我國6～12歲ASD兒童患病率為0.70%，占我國兒童精神殘疾類別首位［3］。研究表明，早期干預對ASD兒童核心癥狀的改善效果較明顯。目前，針對ASD兒童的康復治療方案仍有局限性。因此，為ASD兒童提供多元化的康復治療方案迫在眉睫［4］?！?br>