基于GIS技術(shù)的同仁市春小麥精細化農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃研究

摘要［目的］優(yōu)化同仁市春小麥種植結(jié)構(gòu)，提高作物產(chǎn)量，推動當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。［方法］在綜合考慮當(dāng)?shù)貧夂颉⑼寥馈⒌匦我蛩氐幕A(chǔ)上，提取影響春小麥生長的若干區(qū)劃因子，采用層次分析法對各區(qū)劃因子賦予不同權(quán)重，通過GIS技術(shù)得到同仁市春小麥精細化區(qū)劃圖。［結(jié)果］按照不適宜、一般適宜、適宜和最適宜劃分同仁市春小麥種植區(qū)。同仁市春小麥種植最適宜區(qū)和適宜區(qū)分布在黃乃亥鄉(xiāng)、年都乎鄉(xiāng)、隆務(wù)鎮(zhèn)、保安鎮(zhèn)西部、扎毛鄉(xiāng)東北部、曲庫乎鄉(xiāng)中部地區(qū)。［結(jié)論］同仁市春小麥適宜種植區(qū)域主要分布在中北部和西南部地區(qū)，約占全市總面積的25%；同仁市現(xiàn)有春小麥種植區(qū)基本與區(qū)劃結(jié)果適宜種植區(qū)一致，包括黃乃亥鄉(xiāng)、年都乎鄉(xiāng)、保安鎮(zhèn)西部、隆務(wù)鎮(zhèn)和曲庫乎鄉(xiāng)；當(dāng)前未種植春小麥的扎毛鄉(xiāng)東北部區(qū)域也適宜春小麥種植。

關(guān)鍵詞GIS；春小麥；精細化；農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃；層次分析法

中圖分類號S512.1+2"文獻標識碼A"文章編號0517-6611（2024）24-0216-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.24.046

開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標識碼（OSID）：

StudyonFineAgriculturalRegionalizationofSpringWheatinTongrenCityBasedonGISTechnology

ZHAOXian-wei1，MUTian-hong1，WEIXiang-cheng2etal

（1.RemoteSensingCenterofAgricultureandAnimalHusbandryDivisionofQinghaiProvince，Xining，Qinghai810001;2.TongrenAgricultureandAnimalHusbandryComprehensiveServiceCenter，Tongren，Qinghai811300）

Abstract［Objective］TooptimizespringwheatplantingstructureinTongrenCity，"increasecropyield，andpromotehigh-qualitydevelopmentoflocalagriculture.［Method］Basedonthecomprehensiveconsiderationoflocalclimate，soilandterrainfactors，severalregionalfactorsaffectingspringwheatgrowthwereextracted，anddifferentweightswereassignedtoeachregionalfactorbyanalytichierarchyprocess.［Result］Accordingtounsuitable，generallysuitable，suitableandmostsuitable，theunsuitableareaandsuitableareaarethelargest，followedbythegeneralsuitablearea，andthemostsuitableareaisthesmallest.TheresultsshowedthatthemostsuitableareasandsuitableareasofspringwheatplantinginTongrenCityweredistributedinHuangnaihaiTownship，NianduhuTownship，LongwuTownship，westofBaoanTownship，northeastofZamaoTownshipandcentralareaofQukuhuTownship.［Conclusion］ThesuitableplantingareaofspringwheatinTongrenCityismainlydistributedinthenorthandsouthwestofthecity，accountingforabout25%ofthetotalareaofthecity.TheexistingspringwheatplantingareasinTongrenCityarebasicallyconsistentwiththesuitableplantingareas，includingHuangnaihaiTownship，NianduhuTownship，westofBaoanTownship，LongwuTownshipandQukuhuTownship.TheareathatneedstomakeproperadjustmentismainlyZamaoTownship，andthelocalagriculturaldepartmentcanappropriatelyexpandthespringwheatplantingareainthenortheastofZamaoTownshipaccordingtotheactualsituation.

KeywordsGIS;Springwheat;Refinement;Agriculturalregionalization;Analytichierarchyprocess

同仁市地貌復(fù)雜多樣，日照時數(shù)長，氣溫日較差大，降水量差異大^［1］，春小麥作為同仁市最重要的農(nóng)作物之一，其產(chǎn)量與質(zhì)量對當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展會有一定影響，在統(tǒng)籌考慮多種區(qū)劃因素的基礎(chǔ)上研究同仁市春小麥綜合區(qū)劃^［2］可以進一步對當(dāng)?shù)刈魑锷a(chǎn)進行合理規(guī)劃，科學(xué)安排農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，促進農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和農(nóng)牧民增收，推動農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)向高產(chǎn)、高效、高精準化的方向發(fā)展^［3］。

近年來，國內(nèi)外針對農(nóng)作物種植區(qū)劃的研究不斷發(fā)展，美國、法國、日本等發(fā)達國家的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃工作經(jīng)歷了相當(dāng)長的發(fā)展過程，已經(jīng)形成了一套相對成熟的理論方法體系和經(jīng)驗做法^［4］。……