政策性農業保險對農戶收入的影響

摘要探究熱帶作物政策性保險對農戶收入的影響效應，有利于促進熱區農戶穩固增收，為我國政策性農業保險發展提供經驗啟示。利用2022—2023年廣州市熱帶作物產業農戶調研數據，采用線性回歸和傾向得分匹配模型，探究政策性農業保險對農戶收入的影響效應。結果表明：政策性農業保險能夠提高農戶的家庭收入。基于傾向得分匹配模型測算，相對于不購買政策性農業保險的農戶，購買了政策性農業保險農戶的家庭年收入增加了約0.38萬～0.39萬元。異質性分析顯示，政策性農業保險主要增加了農戶的農業收入，而對非農收入有顯著的負向作用；相比種植規模大戶，政策性農業保險更能夠提高種植規模小戶的家庭收入。此外，政策性農業保險主要增加了中高齡農戶的家庭收入。熱帶作物政策性保險總體上有助于提高農戶收入，但對不同收入類型及不同農戶群體的影響具有異質性。建議持續推進和完善政策性農業保險相關制度，同時針對不同農戶的特征和需求制定差異化的管理和激勵措施。

關鍵詞政策性保險；農戶收入；熱帶作物；PSM模型

中圖分類號F327"文獻標識碼A"文章編號0517-6611（2024）24-0193-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.24.041

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

TheImpactofPolicy-basedAgriculturalInsuranceonFarmHouseholdIncome：EvidencefromtheTropicalCropIndustry

ZHENGXu-yun，HUANGMing-rou，LAIHui-lin

（SchoolofFinanceandEconomics，GuangdongPolytechnicNormalUniversity，Guangzhou，Guangdong510665）

AbstractTheobjectiveofthisstudyistoexploretheeffectofpolicy-basedinsurancefortropicalcropsonfarmers’income，whichisconducivetopromotingthestableincreaseoffarmers’incomeinhotareas，andprovidingempiricalenlightenmentforthedevelopmentofpolicy-basedagriculturalinsuranceinChina.BasedonthesurveydataoffarmersintropicalcropindustryinGuangzhoufrom2022to2023，weemploythelinearregressionandpropensityscorematchingmodeltoexploretheimpactofpolicy-basedagriculturalinsuranceonfarmers’incomes.Theresultsshowthatpolicy-basedagriculturalinsurancecanincreasethehouseholdincomeofruralhouseholds.Basedonthepropensitymatchingscoremodel，thehouseholdincomeoffarmerswhopurchasedpolicy-basedagriculturalinsuranceincreasedbyapproximately3800-3900yuancomparedwiththosewithoutsuchinsuranceexperience.Heterogeneityanalysisshowedthatpolicy-basedagriculturalinsurancemainlyincreasedtheagriculturalincomeofruralhouseholds，buthadasignificantnegativeeffectontheirnon-agriculturalincome.Additionally，comparedwithlarge-scalefarmers，policy-orientedagriculturalinsuranceismoreeffectiveinimprovinghouseholdincomeofsmall-scalehouseholds.Furthermore，thestudyfindsthatpolicy-basedagriculturalinsurancepredominantlyboostshouseholdincomeforfarmersinthemiddletoolderagegroups.Policy-basedinsurance，asastrategicinitiative，contributesoveralltotheenhancementoffarmerincomesinthetropicalcropindustry.However，itsimpactexhibitsheterogeneityacrossdifferentincometypesanddiversefarmergroups.Thisstudyrecommendsacontinuousadvancementandrefinementofpolicyagriculturalinsurance-relatedsystems.Simultaneously，tailoredmanagementandincentivemeasuresshouldbedevelopedtoaddresstheuniquecharacteristicsandrequirementsofvariousfarmersegments.

KeywordsPolicy-basedinsurance;Farmerincome;Tropicalcrops;PSMmodel

我國農業“靠天吃飯”的生產方式面臨嚴峻的自然風險沖擊。農業產業本質特性決定了商業保險市場難以持續發展，因此政策性農業保險成為緩解農業風險沖擊和保障農民收入的重要工具^［1-2］。熱帶作物是我國農業的重要組成部分，廣州市是我國熱帶作物的產區之一，其嶺南特色農作物種類豐富。……