






摘要為探明硅緩解障礙機理及最佳施用量,研究了5種施硅肥量(0、15、30、45、60kg/hm2)對連作條件下根系的干物質積累、形態、土壤酶活性、產量和品質的影響。結果表明,與對照相比,F3、F4、F5處理顯著促進根系干物質量的積累及長度、直徑、表面積、體積的增加,并減少生育后期的衰退;F4、F5處理顯著提高了根系土壤中α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、過氧化氫酶、纖維素酶、酸性磷酸單酯酶的活性和花生的脂肪、油酸含量及產量,其中F4處理花生莢果產量最高,達4763.05kg/hm2。綜上,硅肥能提高根系土壤酶活性,促進根系生長和干物質積累,提升連作花生產量和品質,在該研究條件下,45kg/hm2為最佳硅肥施用量。
關鍵詞硅肥;連作花生;根系生長;土壤酶活性;產量;品質
中圖分類號S565.2"文獻標識碼A"文章編號0517-6611(2024)24-0123-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.24.028
開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID):
EffectsofSilicononRootGrowth,SoilEnzymeActivity,YieldandQualityof"PeanutUnderContinuous"Cropping
CHENLei,HEQun-ling,ZHANGFeng-yeetal
(ShangqiuAcademyofAgricultureandForestrySciences,Shangqiu,Henan"476000)
AbstractToexploretherelieveobstaclemechanismandtheoptimalapplicationamountofsilicon,theeffectoffivesiliconapplicationamount(0,15,30,45,60kg/hm2)treatmentsonrootdrymatteraccumulation,rootmorphology,soilenzymeactivity,yieldandqualityofrootsundercontinuouscroppingconditionswerestudied.TheresultsshowedthatcomparedwithF1(CK),F3,F4,andF5treatmentsignificantlypromotedtheaccumulationdrymassandincreasedlength,diameter,surfaceareaandvolumeofroot,andthenreducedthedeclineinthelaterreproductiveperiod;F4,F5treatmentsignificantlyincreasedtheactivityofα-glucosidase,β-glucosidase,hydrogenperoxidase,cellobiohyrolase,acidphosphataseofrootsoilandthefat,oleicacidcontent,yieldofpeanut,amongF4showedthehighest,whichreached4763.05kg/hm2.Insummary,theapplicationofsiliconfertilizercouldincreasesoilenzymeactivity,promoterootgrowth,andimprovetheyieldandqualityofpeanutundercontinuouscropping.Theoptimalsiliconfertilizerapplicationamountsuitableforhigherpeanutproductionincurrentstudywas45kg/hm2.
KeywordsSilicon;Peanutundercontinuouscropping;Rootgrowth;Soilenzymeactivity;Yield;Quality
河南省花生種植面積約為133.33萬hm2,莢果產量超過500萬t,均居全國第一位,但花生連年種植造成根系分泌物、腐解物等化感物質自毒[1-2]、土壤微生物群落結構和營養元素失衡[3-5]、土壤酶活性改變[6]等,導致花生根部病害加重,根系發育不足[7],降低花生葉面積系數、光合性能和抗氧化酶活性[8-9],最終花生產量和品質難以維穩。硅被認為除氮、磷、鉀外,作物生長必需的第四大營養元素[10],研究發現施用硅肥能改善作物根系土壤環境[11],提高作物根系活力[12-13],利于作物根系的生長發育[14-15],最終有效提升作物的產量和品質[16],然而硅對連作花生的根系及周邊土壤酶活性的研究未見報道,筆者開展硅對連作花生根系干物質量、形態、土壤酶活性、莢果產量和籽仁品質的影響,初步探明硅在促進根系發育和提高土壤酶活性等方面的作用,旨在為連作花生高產穩產提供理論依據。……