生物制劑對水稻發芽影響及對水稻紋枯病藥效試驗

摘要［目的］探索生物制劑對水稻發芽出苗的影響及對水稻紋枯病的防治效果。選擇3種生物制劑和2種化學制劑進行研究。［方法］選擇3種生物制劑（5%井岡霉素A可溶液粉劑、20億孢子/g蠟質芽孢桿菌可濕性粉劑和12%井岡·蠟芽菌水劑）和2種化學制劑（430g/L戊唑醇懸浮劑和40%苯醚甲環唑懸浮劑）對水稻進行安全性評價，對水稻紋枯病菌室內毒力測定以及大田田間防效試驗，研究5種藥劑對水稻紋枯病的防治效果，確定田間應用效果。［結果］通過室內毒力測定得出蠟質芽孢桿菌和井岡霉素復配4∶1的增效作用最為明顯。室內5種藥劑拌種對不同品種水稻3d的發芽勢在49.33%～58.67%，7d的發芽率在89.00%～93.00%，14d盆栽試驗的出苗率在90.67%～93.33%；各藥劑對水稻的發芽和出苗均無影響。12%井岡·蠟芽菌水劑第7天的田間防效為79.61%。430g/L戊唑醇懸浮劑的田間防效為67.38%，40%苯醚甲環唑懸浮劑的田間防效為68.44%。［結論］生物制劑12%井岡·蠟芽菌水劑在大田試驗中能明顯提高作物產量，對農業綠色防控技術推廣具有重要意義。

關鍵詞水稻紋枯病;安全性評價;生物制劑;田間藥效

中圖分類號S435.111.4+2"文獻標識碼A

文章編號0517-6611（2024）24-0103-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.24.024

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

EffectsofBiologicalAgentsonRiceGerminationandEfficacyTrialsonRhizoctoniasolani

LIDan-dan1，LIChang-chun2，FANGYu1etal

（1.HefeiGao'erLifeandHealthScienceResearchInstituteCo.，Ltd.，Hefei，Anhui"230088;2.InstituteofPlantProtectionandAgriculturalProductQualityandSafety，AnhuiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences，Hefei，Anhui230031）

Abstract［Objective］Toinvestigatetheimpactofbiopesticidesonricegermination，seedlingemergence，andthecontrolofricesheathblight.Threebiopesticidesandtwochemicalpesticideswereselectedforexploration.［Method］Threebiopesticides（5%jinggangmycinAsolublepowder，2billionspores/gramBacillusamyloliquefacienswettablepowder，and12%jinggang-mycobacteriumwaxbudbacterialwateragent）andtwochemicalpesticides（430g/Lpropiconazolesuspensionconcentrateand40%benodanilsuspensionconcentrate）werechosenforsafetyassessment，indoortoxicitytestingagainstricesheathblightpathogens，andfieldefficacytrials.Theaimwastodeterminethepreventiveeffectsofthefiveagentsagainstricesheathblightandassesstheirapplicationefficacyinthefield.［Result］IndoortoxicitytestingrevealedthatthesynergisticeffectofBacillusamyloliquefaciensandjinggangmycinataratioof4∶1wasmostpronounced.Inindoorexperiments，germinationratesfordifferentricevarietiesafterthreedaysrangedfrom49.33%to58.67%，seven-daygerminationratesrangedfrom89.00%to93.00%，andseedlingemergenceratesinthe14-daypottedtrialsvariedfrom90.67%to93.33%.Itwasconcludedthatnoneofthetestedagentshadasignificantimpactonricegerminationandseedlingemergence.Fieldtrialsforcontrollingricesheathblightindicatedaseventh-dayfieldefficacyof79.61%forthe12%jinggang-mycobacteriumwaxbudbacterialwateragent.Thefieldefficacyofa430g/Lpropiconazolesuspensionconcentratewas67.38%，anda40%benodanilsuspensionconcentrateshowedafieldefficacyof68.44%.［Conclusion］Thebiopesticide12%jinggang-mycobacteriumwaxbudbacterialwateragentcansignificantlyincreasecropyieldinfieldtrials，whichisofgreatsignificanceforthepromotionofagriculturalgreenpreventionandcontroltechnologies.

KeywordsRhizoctoniasolani;Safetyevaluation;Biologicalagents;Fieldefficacy

水稻作為我國目前主要的糧食作物之一，分布廣泛，種植面積達3.1×107hm2。水稻三大病害［水稻稻瘟病（Piricularia oryzae）、水稻稻曲病（Ustilaginoidea oryae）、水稻紋枯病（Rhizoctonia solani）］，近些年給我國農業生產造成了巨大的經濟損失^［1-2］。水稻紋枯病是由立枯絲核菌（Rhizoctonia solani Kühn）引起的一種土傳性真菌病害，該病原菌以菌核的形式在土壤、水稻秸稈中可長期存活越冬，待第二年條件適宜萌發子囊盤釋放子囊孢子形成菌絲侵染寄主，近年來水稻的發病情況呈加重趨勢^［3］。……