平朔礦區生態重建區域土壤障礙層次障礙因子研究

摘要［目的］研究平朔礦區生態重建區域土壤障礙層次障礙因子。［方法］以平朔露天煤礦排土場植被衰退區為研究對象，通過典型刺槐、榆樹人工林樣地調查與土壤采樣分析，系統研究排土場植被衰退區土壤顆粒組成特征、土壤養分狀況、土壤水分條件，明確土壤條件影響下的植被衰退機理。［結果］平朔露天礦排土場土壤全氮含量平均值總體上小于0.52g/kg，土壤全磷含量平均值小于0.44g/kg，土壤全鉀含量平均值小于16.95g/kg，全氮、全磷含量分別為極低、低水平，土壤全鉀含量為中等偏低水平，存在嚴重的氮、磷脅迫和中等程度鉀脅迫。平朔露天煤礦排土場地表覆土來源為煤炭開采過程中剝離的黃土及紅黏土，土壤顆粒組成均一，以粉粒（0.005～0.050mm）和黏粒（gt;0.250mm）為主，0～40cm土層土壤粉粒和黏粒之和占比在95%以上，受大型機械的碾壓及自然沉降影響，排土場土壤嚴重板結，土壤容重較大；土壤水分整體處于凋萎系數（12%～20%）以下。［結論］土壤氮、磷養分缺乏影響植物生長，磷、鉀缺乏，植物生長受到影響，植物抗性（抗旱、抗寒）降低。黃土及紅黏土土壤緊實致密，容重大，水分入滲率低，干旱年份生長期沒有有效雨，土壤水分入滲補給極差，極度干旱導致刺槐、榆樹、沙棘逐漸枯萎死亡。

關鍵詞森林生態水文；植被退化；土壤顆粒組成；土壤養分；土壤水分；排土場

中圖分類號X171.4"文獻標識碼A"文章編號0517-6611（2024）24-0067-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.24.016

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

StudyonSoilBarrierLevelsandBarrierFactorsintheEcologicalReconstructionAreaofPingshuoMiningDistrict

L"Chong-yuan，WANGDong-sheng，SONGBai-ningetal

（SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering，LiaoningTechnicalUniversity，Fuxin，Liaoning123000）

Abstract［Objective］TostudythebarrierfactorsofsoilobstaclesintheecologicalreconstructionareaofPingshuominingarea.［Method］ThevegetationdeclineareaofPingshuoopen-pitcoalminedumpwastakenastheresearchobject，andthesoilparticlecompositioncharacteristics，soilnutrientstatusandsoilmoistureconditionsinthevegetationdeclineareaofthedumpweresystematicallystudiedthroughtheinvestigationandsoilsamplinganalysisoftypicalRobiniapseudoacaciaandelmplantations，soastoclarifythevegetationdeclinemechanismundertheinfluenceofsoilconditions.［Result］ThesoiltotalnitrogencontentinPingshuoopen-pitminedumpwasgenerallylessthan0.52g/kg，theaveragesoiltotalphosphoruscontentwaslessthan0.44g/kg，andtheaveragesoiltotalpotassiumcontentwas16.95g/kg，thetotalnitrogenandtotalphosphoruswerebothverylowandlow，andthesoiltotalpotassiumcontentwasmediumtolow，andtherewereseriousnitrogenandphosphorusstressandmoderatepotassiumstress.ThesourceofthesurfacesoilofthedumpingsiteofPingshuoopen-pitcoalminewastheloessandredclaystrippedintheprocessofcoalmining.ThesurfacecoversoilofthePingshuoopen-pitcoalminewastedumpcomesfromloessandredclaystrippedduringcoalmining.Thesoilparticlecompositionwasuniform，mainlyconsistingofsiltparticles（0.005-0.050mm）andclayparticles（gt;0.250mm）.Thesumofsiltparticlesandclayparticlesinthe0-40cmsoillayeraccountedformorethan95%.Duetothecompactionandnaturalsettlementoflargemachinery，thesoilinthewastedumpwasseverelycompactedandhadahighbulkdensity;theoverallsoilmoisturewasbelowthewiltingcoefficient（12%-20%）.［Conclusion］Thelackofsoilnitrogenandphosphorusnutrientsaffectsplantgrowth，whilethelackofphosphorusandpotassiumaffectsplantgrowthandreducesplantresistance（droughtresistance，coldresistance）.Loessandredclaysoilsarecompactanddense，withalargecapacityandlowwaterinfiltrationrate.Indryyears，thereisnoeffectiverainfallduringthegrowthperiod，andthesoilwaterinfiltrationsupplyisextremelypoor.ExtremedroughtcausesRobiniapseudoacacia，elmtrees，andseabuckthorntograduallywitheranddie.

KeywordsForestecohydrology；Vegetationdegradation;Soilparticlecomposition；Soilnutrients；Soilmoisture；Spoibank

近年來，隨著我國露天煤礦的大規模開發，排土場土壤肥力和植被恢復問題日益引起廣泛關注。……