以村民需求為導(dǎo)向的鄉(xiāng)村景觀改造實(shí)踐研究

摘要 以南昌市王坵村景觀為例，調(diào)查了村民對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村景觀的需求及當(dāng)前鄉(xiāng)村景觀建設(shè)中存在的問題，從馬斯洛需求層次理論角度，結(jié)合鄉(xiāng)村景觀規(guī)劃相關(guān)理論研究，總結(jié)出滿足村民日益增長(zhǎng)美好生活需求的鄉(xiāng)村景觀建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。提出以村民需求為導(dǎo)向的鄉(xiāng)村景觀建設(shè)思路與對(duì)策，主要有豐富形式，加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)；活化空間，凸顯特色；拓展經(jīng)營(yíng)，提升創(chuàng)意。結(jié)合村民的真實(shí)需求的鄉(xiāng)村景觀建設(shè)策略，有利于從根本上提高村民對(duì)自然資源的保護(hù)意識(shí)、鄉(xiāng)土文化保護(hù)意識(shí)以及經(jīng)濟(jì)條件等，從而帶動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村自然、生產(chǎn)與生活健康發(fā)展的良性循環(huán)。

關(guān)鍵詞 需求層次理論；鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)；鄉(xiāng)村景觀

中圖分類號(hào) TU 985 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A

文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2024）22-0188-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.22.040

開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識(shí)碼（OSID）：

Study on the Practice of Villagers’ Demand-oriented Rural Landscape Transformation

YUAN Han

（Design Research Institute of Nanchang University，Nanchang，Jiangxi 330047）

Abstract This paper takes the landscape of Wangqiu Village in Nanchang City as an example，investigates the villagers’ demand for rural landscape and the problems existing in the current rural landscape construction，and summarizes the experience of rural landscape construction to meet the villagers’ growing demand for a better life from the perspective of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory，combined with the theoretical studies related to rural landscape planning.And then puts forward the villagers’ demand-oriented rural landscape construction ideas and countermeasures，mainly including enrich form，strengthen the foundation;activate space，highlight characteristics;expand operation，enhance creativity.The construction strategy of rural landscape combined with the real needs of villagers is conducive to fundamentally improving the villagers’ awareness of the protection of natural resources，the protection of native culture and economic conditions，which will lead to the sustainable development of the countryside，and ultimately realize the virtuous cycle of the healthy development of the countryside’s nature，production and life.

Key words The hierarchy of needs theory;Rural construction;Rural landscape

我國(guó)是傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，有著廣闊的耕地面積和悠久的農(nóng)耕文明。在廣大鄉(xiāng)村中，有田園、牧場(chǎng)、山林等具有一定生產(chǎn)功能的傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村景觀，也有帶有一定的人工雕琢，由獨(dú)特地域文化和生產(chǎn)生活方式所形成的鄉(xiāng)村景觀^［1］。鄉(xiāng)村景觀的變遷規(guī)律無不展現(xiàn)了鄉(xiāng)村生產(chǎn)生活變化^［2］，其不僅為人類帶來了多種社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，同時(shí)也支持著文化的延續(xù)與發(fā)展，為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供保護(hù)與更新^［3］。就風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科而言，鄉(xiāng)村景觀的意義和作用已經(jīng)超出景觀本身，與鄉(xiāng)村文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)以及村民的生產(chǎn)生活緊密聯(lián)系在一起。

2022年2月，中共中央、國(guó)務(wù)院在2022年鄉(xiāng)村振興重點(diǎn)工作任務(wù)部署中指出，要繼續(xù)扎實(shí)有序地做好鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展建設(shè)工作，從農(nóng)民實(shí)際需求出發(fā)實(shí)施農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治提升行動(dòng)，落實(shí)鄉(xiāng)村振興為農(nóng)民而興，鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)為農(nóng)民而建。……