天津市園林綠化不同節水灌溉模式對土壤理化性質的影響

摘要 以天津市主要綠化種植樹種海棠、國槐種植過程中傳統漫灌、滴灌及粘土寶根灌3種灌溉管理技術為研究對象，從土壤物理、化學性質的角度對滴灌和粘土寶根灌2種新型節水灌溉模式做出綜合評價。經過長期不同灌溉管理的試驗研究發現：在海棠種植過程中滴灌處理相較于傳統的漫灌處理對土壤的含水量、容重、pH具有積極的影響，滴灌處理相較于漫灌處理土壤有機碳、氨態氮及硝態氮的含量更高。在國槐種植的過程中，粘土寶根灌處理雖然降低土壤的pH，但其極大程度上提高了土壤的氨態氮和硝態氮含量；此外，從土壤理化性質的角度來看在海棠種植過程中滴灌可以良好地取代傳統漫灌；粘土寶根灌管理方式是國槐種植中可行的灌溉管理方式。

關鍵詞 園林；綠化；節水；灌溉；土壤

中圖分類號 S 275 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2024）22-0157-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.22.033

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effects of Different Water-Saving Irrigation Modes of Greening on Soil Physicochemical Properties in Tianjin City

HE Jiu-bo，QI Li-wei，SONG Yuan-chao et al

（Tianjin Meijingyuan Ecological Technology Co.，Ltd.，Tianjin 300392）

Abstract The present study examined the effects of three irrigation management techniques， namely traditional diffuse irrigation， drip irrigation and clay root irrigation， on the physical and chemical properties of soil during the planting of two common greening species in Tianjin： Fraxinus chinensis and Sophora japonica Linn..Following a year of experimental study of different irrigation management techniques， it was found that drip irrigation had a positive effect on soil water content， bulk weight and pH value compared with traditional diffuse irrigation in Fraxinus chinensis planting.Furthermore， the content of organic carbon， ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was higher in the soil in drip irrigation compared with diffuse irrigation.In the case of Sophora japonica Linn.planting， the application of clay bourgon irrigation resulted in a reduction in soil pH， while simultaneously increasing the concentration of ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen.The results of our study indicate that drip irrigation can be an effective alternative to traditional flood irrigation in Fraxinus chinensis planting， particularly in terms of soil physicochemical properties.Furthermore， our findings suggest that clay root irrigation may be a viable irrigation management method in Sophora japonica Linn.planting.

Key words Gardens;Greening;Water conservation;Irrigation;Soil

土壤中水分和養分的分布不僅和土壤的性質、狀態息息相關，同時也是影響農作物生長和農產品質量的重要因素^［1］。傳統的灌溉方式在耗費大量水資源推高成本的同時也可能造成土壤中養分的大量快速流失^［2］。因此，在我國園林業快速發展和水資源限制的共同背景下，科學的灌溉方式是水資源高效利用，土壤水分、養分合理分布的共同需要，同時也是促進我國園林業發展的關鍵性技術之一^［3］。節水灌溉是在水資源有限的環境中，通過整合先進的科學工程技術、適當的農業設施技術以提高水資源利用效率為目的的管理方法^［4-5］。……