不同施肥調控措施對設施番茄產量?養分利用及品質的影響

摘要 針對河北省設施蔬菜生產中施肥不合理，供給數量需求增加和品質下降等問題，采用田間試驗法，以設施番茄為研究對象，設置農民習慣施肥和不同施肥措施處理，研究不同施肥處理對番茄產量、品質、養分利用及經濟效益的影響。結果表明，與農民習慣施肥相比，合理進行配方肥及其配施生物菌和鈣肥均可以提高番茄單果重2.9%～29.7%、產量3.8%～43%、干物質積累0.62%～17.4%，氮和磷養分吸收利用分別提高26.2%～74.1%、24.6%～ 71.6%，改善果實VC最高達 6.4%、可溶糖最高達34.4%，降低果實總酸度最高達15.7%，增加純經濟效益。以IFI2（無機配方肥配施春雨生物菌肥）和IFI3（無機配方肥配施自制菌劑和鈣肥）處理綜合作用效果較好。

關鍵詞 設施番茄；產量；品質；養分效率；經濟效益

中圖分類號 S 158.3;S 641.2 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2024）22-0147-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.22.031

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effects of Different Fertilization Control Measures on the Yield，Nutrient Utilization and Quality of Tomatoes in Facilities

LIU Yang WANG Yan-qun1，SUN Jian-min3 et al

（1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences，Agricultural University of Hebei/Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei，Baoding，Hebei 071001;2.Vocational and Technical Education Center of Fuping，Fuping，Hebei 073200;3.China Geo-engineering Corporation，Beijing 100080）

Abstract Aiming at the problems of the unreasonable fertilization，the increase of quantity， decrease of quality in supply and so on in the production of protected vegetable in Hebei Province，facility tomato was as the research object，treatments of farmers’ habit fertilization and different fertilization measures were set to study on tomato yield，quality，nutrient utilization and economic benefits.The results showed that compared with the treatment of farmers’ habit fertilization，rational formula fertilizer and its combination with biological bacteria and calcium fertilizer could improve tomato single fruit weight 2.9%-29.7%，yield 3.8%-43%，dry matter accumulation 0.62%-17.4%，N and P absorption and utilization 26.2%-74.1%、24.6%- 71.6%，improve fruit Vc up to 6.4% ，soluble sugar up to 34.4% and decrease total acidity up to 15.7%，increase pure economic benefit.IFI2 （inorganic formula fertilizer combined with biological fertilizer produced by Chunyu） and IFI3 （inorganic formula fertilizer combined with self-made bacteria agent and calcium fertilizer） had better comprehensive effect.

Key words Facility tomato;Yield;Quality;Nutrient efficiency；Economic benefit

河北省蔬菜播種面積81.4萬hm2，總產量5 284.2萬t。其中設施蔬菜產量1 316.1萬t，占蔬菜總產量的24.9%。自2016年起該省設施蔬菜將每年遞增約2.67萬hm2，“十三五”末全省設施蔬菜占種植面積的60%。菜農大量施用化肥，養分比例不平衡造成化肥在土壤中積累、蔬菜品質下降等現象^［1-2］，這就出現了蔬菜供給數量上的增加與品質上需要改善的矛盾。

研究表明，合理減肥在滿足蔬菜需求的前提下不但節約成本，且有效提高產量，改善品質^［3］。在施肥中添加改良劑改善土壤環境^［4-5］。有機肥施入土壤經過微生物分解，轉化成可以吸收利用的養分，增加土壤養分，改善土壤理化性狀；施用作物秸稈、動物糞便后，土壤總孔隙度增加3%～7%，土壤吸附力比施用化肥增加50%^［6］。……