春結球甘藍“綠峰二號”氮磷鉀硼錳鐵養分平衡分析

摘要 通過缺素試驗和不同水平施肥量比較試驗，研究結球甘藍“綠峰二號”對氮、磷、鉀、硼、錳和鐵6種元素吸收利用特點，為結球甘藍化肥減量增效和科學施肥提供依據。通過缺素試驗發現在土壤中有較高的有效磷和速效鉀含量時，再施磷肥或鉀肥并不能提高結球甘藍產量，反而會減產；施氮肥能提高結球甘藍產量；從不同施肥水平來看，呈現出施肥越多結球甘藍產量越高的特點，但增產幅度逐漸降低。結球甘藍“綠峰二號”N、P、K養分吸收量比例平均為13.39∶8.00∶29.86，B、Mn、Fe養分吸收量比例平均為52.28∶83.36∶158.01。當目標產量70 392 kg/hm2，N、PO5、KO施入量達91.03、55.67、210.24 kg/hm2，B、Mn、Fe施入量達57.44、85.58、171.53 g/hm2時，就可保持當季土壤中養分平衡。NPK肥農學效率分別為130.33 、11.10 、6.44 kg/kg。

關鍵詞 結球甘藍；施肥量；養分平衡；N；PO5；KO

中圖分類號 S 635.1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）22-0143-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.22.030

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Nutrient Balance Analysis of N，P，K， B，Mn and Fe in Spring Brassica oleracea ‘Lvfeng 2’

WANG Dong-qun1， CHENG Mei-ling2， ZHANG Yu3

（1.Agricultural Monitoring Center in Cixi City， Cixi，Zhejiang 315300;2.Peoples Government of Zhouxiang Town， Cixi， Zhejiang 315324;3. Zhejiang Agricultural Means Group Ningbo Huiduoli Sales Co.， Ltd.， Ningbo， Zhejiang 315033）

Abstract Through nutrient deficiency experiments and comparative experiments at different levels of fertilizer application， the absorption and utilization characteristics of six elements， including N， PO5， KO， B， Mn and Fe， were studied in Brassica oleracea ‘Lvfeng 2’， providing a basis for increasing fertilizer application efficiency and scientific fertilization in heading cabbage. Through nutrient deficiency experiments， it was found that when there was a high content of available phosphorus and potassium in the soil， applying phosphorus or potassium fertilizer again could not increase the yield of cabbage， but instead would reduce it;applying nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yield of cabbage;from the perspective of different fertilization levels， the more fertilizer applied， the higher the yield of cabbage， but the magnitude of yield increase gradually decreased. The average ratio of N， P， and K nutrient absorption in the ‘Lvfeng 2’ cabbage was 13.39∶8.00∶29.86， and the average ratio of B， Mn， and Fe nutrient absorption was 52.28∶83.36∶158.01. When the target yield was 70 392 kg/ hm2， the application rates of N， PO5， and KO reached 91.03， 55.67 and 210.24 kg/hm2， and the application rates of B， Mn， and Fe reached 57.44， 85.58 and 171.53 g/hm2， the nutrient balance in the soil during the season can be maintained. The agricultural efficiency of N P K fertilizer was 130.33， 11.10 and 6.44 kg/kg， respectively.

Key words Brassica oleracea;Fertilization amount;Nutrient balance;N;PO5;KO

農作物對肥料養分的需求受多種因素的制約，如不同的品種、不同的目標產量和不同的種植季節等。施肥的多少同時也受土壤本身養分含量的影響。近年來，肥料價格上漲較快以及過量施肥對環境污染的顯現，肥料的科學合理使用引起人們高度關注。通過養分平衡法了解結球甘藍（Brassica oleracea L.var.apitata）不同品種的需肥特點，可為精準施肥提供科學依據。結球甘藍是浙江省慈溪市大面積種植的農作物之一，也是需肥量較大的農作物。目前當地農戶種植的結球甘藍品種較多，往往根據經驗施肥，普遍存在過量施肥、施肥結構不合理等盲目施肥的現象。結果一是浪費了肥料，二是過量施肥污染了環境^［1］。……