高溫火焰對幼齡茶園不同葉齡期禾本科雜草防除效果

摘要 為明確高溫火焰對幼齡茶園禾本科雜草最佳防治時期，進一步優化茶園高溫火焰除草使用技術。利用手推式高溫火焰除草機在幼齡茶園禾本科雜草2～3葉期、5～6葉期、＞10葉期開展高溫火焰除草試驗，驗證高溫火焰對不同葉齡期禾本科雜草防除效果。結果表明，在禾本科雜草2～3葉期、5～6葉期及＞10葉期處理后 7 d禾本科總株防效為99.05%、98.31%、86.28%，15 d禾本科總株防效為94.68%、81.63%、49.31%，30 d禾本科總株防效為76.16%、74.88%、27.29%。高溫火焰對2～3葉期、5～6葉期禾本科雜草防效顯著優于＞10葉期。高溫火焰對禾本科雜草防效隨著葉齡期的增大而逐漸下降。以禾本科雜草為優勢種的茶園，應在低葉齡期進行防除，增加防效，延長防治持效期。

關鍵詞 幼齡茶園； 禾本科雜草； 高溫火焰除草； 防效

中圖分類號 S 451 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）22-0137-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.22.028

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effects of High-temperature Flame on Grass Weed at Different Developmental Stages in Tea Gardens

HE Xiu-long，ＲAN Hai-yan，LAN Xian-min et al

（Institute of Plant Protection，Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science，Guiyang，Guizhou 550006）

Abstract To clarify the optimal control period for grass weeds， and further optimize the high-temperature flame weed control technology in tea gardens.This study conducted high-temperature flame weed control experiments on 2-3 leaf， 5-6 leaf， and >10 leaf stages of grass weeds in tea gardens using a manually pushed high-temperature flame weeding machine to verify the effectiveness of controlling grass weeds at different leaf ages. The results showed that after treatment with 2-3 leaf stage， 5-6 leaf stage， and >10 leaf stage， the total control effects on grass weeds were 99.05%， 98.31%， 86.28% after 7 days， 94.68%， 81.63%， 49.31% after 15 days， and 76.16%， 74.88%， 27.29% after 30 days.The high temperature flame had a significantly control effect on grass weeds in the 2-3 leaf and 5-6 leaf stages than >10 leaf stages. The control effect of high-temperature flames on grass weeds gradually decreased with the increase of leaf age. In order to increase control effectiveness and extend the duration， tea gardens with grass weeds as the dominant species should be controled in the low leaf age stage.

Key words Young tea gardens;Grass weed;High temperature flame weeding;Control effect

高溫火焰除草是一種物理除草技術，通過燃燒產生的高溫火焰，可快速灼傷雜草植株，破壞植物細胞組織而致其死亡，無需完全燒毀雜草即可達到防除目的，該技術當前主要應用于有機農業生產中^［1-2］。雜草是影響茶葉產量與品質的重要影響因子，是茶園生產面臨的主要生態問題之一。目前，貴州已在《貴州省茶產業發展條例》明確規定，茶樹種植基地禁止使用劇毒、高毒、禁用的農藥，禁止使用化學除草劑，迫使茶農只能選擇較為環保的控草措施，茶園雜草復雜多樣的群落結構，以及較強的適應性給雜草防除工作帶來巨大挑戰。當前茶園常用生態控草技術措施……