土壤改良劑對鎘污染稻田的治理穩定性研究

摘要 為驗證大田環境下土壤改良劑對鎘污染稻田的治理效果穩定性，開展了連續3年的原位鈍化試驗。結果表明，土壤改良劑施用第1年，土壤酸化情況明顯改善，土壤pH由5.64最高提升至7.13；土壤中有效鎘含量與土壤pH呈顯著負相關；稻米鎘含量與土壤有效鎘含量呈顯著正相關，最高降幅達71.48%，治理效果整體隨施用量的增加而增強。后續2年，處理組土壤pH、土壤有效鎘含量均有所回彈，但稻米鎘含量仍顯著低于空白對照且降幅與施用量間無明顯相關性，此外，所有處理組均未對水稻產量產生明顯負面影響。由此可見，通過高施用量的土壤改良劑可在短期內明顯提升土壤治理水平，但長期來看較低的施用量更有利于實現鎘污染耕地的長效治理。

關鍵詞 土壤改良劑；鎘污染稻田；原位鈍化；治理；穩定性

中圖分類號 S 156.2 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2024）22-0075-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.22.014

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Study on the Stability of Soil Amendments in the Treatment of Cadmium-contaminated Rice Fields

WU Zhi-hang1，ZHU Ying-ting2，GONG Ya-long3 et al

（1.Wuhu Agricultural Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Detachment，Wuhu，Anhui 241200;2.Wuhu Agricultural Technology Center，Wuhu，Anhui 241200;3.China Merchants Ecological Environmental Protection Technology Co.，Ltd.，Chongqing 400000）

Abstract To verify the stability of the treatment effect of soil amendment on cadmium-contaminated paddy field under field environment，this study carried out in situ passivation test for three consecutive years.The results showed that soil acidification was significantly improved in the year of soil amendment application，and the soil pH was increased from 5.64 to 7.13;the effective cadmium content in the soil showed a significant negative correlation with the soil pH;the cadmium content in rice showed a significant positive correlation with the effective cadmium content in the soil，and the maximum reduction was up to 71.48%，and the overall effect of treatment was enhanced with the increase of application amount.In the following two years，the soil pH and effective cadmium content of the treatment groups rebounded，but the cadmium content of rice was still significantly lower than that of the blank control and there was no significant correlation between the reduction and the application rate，in addition，all the treatment groups did not have a significant negative impact on rice yield.It can be seen that the high application rate of soil conditioner can significantly improve the level of soil treatment in the short term，but in the long term，the lower application rate was more conducive to the realization of long-term management of cadmium-contaminated arable land.

Key words Soil amendment;Cadmium-contaminated rice fields;In-situ passivation;Government;Stability

根據全國土壤污染狀況調查報告，重金屬鎘（Cd）污染已是我國當前不容忽視的土壤環境質量問題^［1］。由于具備較強的生物毒性，鎘被世界衛生組織（WHO）認為是殺傷力僅次于黃曲霉和無機砷的食品污染物。此外，其較強的遷移能力與易被植物吸收的特性，使鎘可通過食物鏈傳遞在人體富集，尤其是“鎘米”“鎘菜”的食用加劇了鎘對人體的健康風險^［2-4］。有研究表明，長期暴露于鎘環境下將對人體器官、骨骼等產生不可逆損傷，并顯著增加致癌風險^［5-6］，日本發生的“痛痛病”就是鎘中毒的慘痛案例。……