基于富硒土壤的重金屬污染風(fēng)險及低累積水稻篩選

摘要 針對廣西貴港富硒區(qū)土壤開展重金屬污染風(fēng)險調(diào)查，并通過三季大田試驗開展富硒低累積重金屬水稻品種篩選試驗，為富硒土地資源開發(fā)及富硒農(nóng)產(chǎn)品安全生產(chǎn)提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和技術(shù)支持。結(jié)果表明：試驗區(qū)表層土壤Se含量達(dá)到富硒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，Cd含量超出風(fēng)險篩選值，超標(biāo)率達(dá)55.00%；表層土壤中Cd主要以離子交換態(tài)存在，活性強，生態(tài)風(fēng)險較高；試驗區(qū)產(chǎn)出糙米中Se含量達(dá)到富硒大米標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，Cd含量超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限量值，超標(biāo)率達(dá)85.00%；無機砷含量超出限量值，超標(biāo)率達(dá)50%；三季所篩選的水稻品種在試驗區(qū)種植均可產(chǎn)出富硒大米。針對早稻，深優(yōu)9516和萬香696 2個品種為富硒低鎘品種；針對晚稻，野香優(yōu)2號和野香優(yōu)油絲為較優(yōu)富硒低鎘品種；深優(yōu)9516具有同步富硒、低鎘、低砷的潛力；試驗區(qū)種植所篩選的富硒低累積水稻，糙米中的Cd含量仍超出限定值，需結(jié)合其他修復(fù)措施保障試驗區(qū)富硒土壤的安全生產(chǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞 富硒；土壤；重金屬；低累積水稻；風(fēng)險

中圖分類號 S 511;X 53 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）22-0060-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.22.011

開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識碼（OSID）：

Risk Research of Heavy Metal Pollution Based on Selenium Rich Soil and Screening Low Heavy Metal Accumulation Rice

HE Ping，LI Yuan-yuan，F(xiàn)ENG Xian-cui et al

（Guangdong Province Research Center for Geoanalysis，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510080）

Abstract A heavy metal pollution risk investigation was conducted in the selenium-rich soil of Guigang，Guangxi. Three season field experiments were conducted to screen rice varieties with high accumulation of selenium and low accumulation of heavy metals，providing basic data and technical support for the development of selenium-rich soil resources and the safe production of selenium-rich agricultural products. The results showed that： Se content in the surface soil of the experimental area reached the selenium-rich standard，and Cd content exceeded the risk screening value，with an exceeding rate of 55.00%;Cd in the surface soil mainly existed in the form of ion exchange，with strong activity and high ecological risk;Se content in the brown rice produced in the experimental area reached the selenium-rich rice standard，Cd content exceeded the standard limit value，with an exceeding rate of 85.00%，and the inorganic arsenic content also exceeded the limit value，with an exceeding rate of 50%;three seasons of screening rice varieties could produce selenium-rich rice when planted in the experimental area. For early rice，two varieties，Shenyou 9516 and Wanxiang 696，were selenium-rich and low cadmium varieties;for late rice，Yexiangyou 2 and Yexiangyouyousi were the superion selenium-rich and low cadmium varieties;Shenyou 9516 had the potential for selenium-rich，low cadmium，and low arsenic synchronously;Cd content in brown rice，which was screened for selenium-rich and low accumulation in the experimental area，still exceeded the limit value. Other remediation measures need to be taken to ensure the safe production of selenium-rich soil in the experimental area.

Key words Selenium-rich;Soil;Heavy metal;Low accumulation rice;Risk

硒作為人體和動物必需的微量元素，具有抗氧化、維持免疫健康、降低癌癥罹患風(fēng)險等多重功效^［1］。我國國民普遍硒攝入不足，開發(fā)富硒農(nóng)產(chǎn)品可有效提升我國人體硒的攝入水平。富硒土壤資源是開發(fā)富硒農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的基礎(chǔ)，我國多省份已發(fā)現(xiàn)連片天然富硒土壤，為我國富硒農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)及富硒產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了有利條件。但近年來多項研究顯示，富硒土壤中重金屬污染帶來的生態(tài)風(fēng)險不容忽視。……