高山杜鵑組培快繁關鍵技術研究

摘要 以高山杜鵑品種“23XXL”“5RE”及“6GR”的葉片、莖段、苞片為外植體，研究基本培養基、外植體生理年齡及植物生長調節劑對高山杜鵑外植體愈傷組織誘導的影響。結果表明，高山杜鵑外植體在WPM培養基和MS培養基上均能誘導出愈傷組織。愈傷誘導階段，添加2.0～3.0 mg/L TDZ誘導愈傷效果好，其中外植體生理年齡為2W葉片誘導的愈傷組織生長較好，愈傷誘導率最高為100%；愈傷分化階段，最適宜的愈傷組織分化激素配比為ZT 2.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L和TDZ 1.5 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L，其中外植體生理年齡為1M葉片在Z7培養基愈傷組織分化較好，平均芽分化數為0.92；生根階段，培養基最佳激素配比IBA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 1.0～1.5 mg/L均適合高山杜鵑的3種品種。該研究結果為構建高效、穩定的高山杜鵑組培快繁體系提供科學依據，為進一步實現高山杜鵑產業化奠定基礎。

關鍵詞 高山杜鵑；組織培養；外植體；植物生長調節劑

中圖分類號 S 685.21 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）22-0042-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.22.007

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Research on Key Techniques for Tissue Culture of Rhododendron lapponicum

NAN Ya-qi LIU Juan3，QI Yu1 et al

（1.Institute of Leisure Agriculture，Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences /East China Urban Agriculture Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Engineering Research Center for Ecological Horticultural Plant Breeding， Jinan， Shandong 250100; 2.College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture， Tianjin Agricultural University， Tianjin 300000; 3. Shandong Hongmei Horticultural Technology Co.， Ltd.， Rizhao， Shandong 276800）

Abstract This study used the leaves， stem segments， and bracts of alpine rhododendron varieties ‘23XXL’‘5RE’and‘6GR’ as explants to investigate the effects of basic culture medium， physiological age of explants， and plant growth regulators on callus induction in alpine rhododendron explants. The results showed that the explants of alpine rhododendron could induce callus on both WPM and MS media. During the callus induction stage， adding 2.0-3.0 mg/L TDZ had a good effect on inducing callus. Among them， the callus induced by leaves with a physiological age of 2W had better growth， and the highest callus rate was 100%;at the stage of callus differentiation， the most suitable ratio of callus differentiation hormones was ZT 2.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L and TDZ 1.5 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L. Among them， the explant with a physiological age of 1M had better callus differentiation on Z7 medium， with an average number of bud differentiation of 0.92;during the rooting stage， the optimal hormone ratio of the culture medium was IBA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 1.0-1.5 mg/L， which were suitable for the three varieties of alpine rhododendron. The research results provide a scientific basis for constructing an efficient and stable tissue culture and rapid propagation system of alpine rhododendron， and lay a foundation for further realizing the industrialization of alpine rhododendron.

Key words Rhododendron lapponicum;Tissue culture;Explants;Plant growth regulator

高山杜鵑一般是指以杜鵑亞屬、常綠杜鵑亞屬、馬銀花亞屬為主的生長在海拔較高的地區的常綠杜鵑以及其經過上百年雜交培育出的園藝品種，其花色繁多，花團錦簇，極具經濟價值和觀賞價值^［1］。

當前國內高山杜鵑的研究開發和推廣應用方興未艾，在全國園林花卉大發展的背景下，高山杜鵑的市場潛力巨大^［2］。然而國內高山杜鵑產業存在以下問題：第一，國內優質高山杜鵑品種主要依賴進口，缺乏具有自主知識產權的新優品種^［3］。我國大部分栽培品種為歐洲選育的高山杜鵑品種，耐寒性強，但缺乏抗旱、耐熱性狀^［4］；……