汽車起重機卷揚隨動系統設計與應用

摘" 要：汽車起重機因機動性好、吊載靈活的優點已成為施工作業中的吊載主力，其主要包含汽車底盤、變幅機構、回轉機構、伸縮機構和吊重機構，傳統模式下要完成伸臂動作，必須不斷地放主鉤、放副鉤、伸臂、再次放鉤，并且稍不留神吊鉤容易沖頂毀壞臂頭滑輪。完成縮臂動作首先要收主鉤、收副鉤、縮臂、再次收繩，不然吊鉤容易落地引起張力不足導致卷揚鋼絲繩亂繩。卷揚隨動技術能夠很好地解決這些痛點，在伸縮臂過程中卷揚自動跟隨旋轉，旋轉速度跟隨臂長變化率，實時保證吊鉤懸掛于安全范圍內，包含3種模式①臂頭變化模式——伸縮臂過程中吊鉤和臂頭的距離實時保持固定；②地面隨動模式——吊鉤和地面的距離實時保持固定；③智能隨動模式——根據臂長自動調整吊鉤高度，伸臂越長放繩越多。

關鍵詞：汽車起重機；卷揚隨動；系統設計；吊載；應用

中圖分類號：TH213" " " 文獻標志碼：A" " " " " 文章編號：2095-2945（2024）32-0127-04

Abstract： Truck cranes have become the main lifting force in construction operations due to their advantages of good mobility and flexible lifting. They mainly include car chassis， luffing mechanism， slewing mechanism， telescopic mechanism and lifting mechanism. In the traditional mode， to complete the arm extension action， you must constantly release the main hook， the auxiliary hook， the arm extension， and the hook again. Moreover， if you are not careful， the hook can easily hit and destroy the arm head pulley; To complete the arm retraction action， we must first retract the main hook， the auxiliary hook， the arm， and the rope again. Otherwise， the hook will easily fall to the ground， causing insufficient tension and causing chaos to the winding wire rope. Winding follow-up technology can solve these pain points well. During the telescopic boom process， the winch automatically follows the rotation， and the rotation speed follows the change rate of the boom length， ensuring that the hook is suspended within a safe range in real time. There are three modes， ① Arm head change mode-the distance between the hook and the arm head remains fixed in real time during the telescopic boom process; ② Ground follow-up mode-the distance between the hook and the ground remains fixed in real time; ③ Intelligent follow-up mode-According to the arm length， the height of the hook is automatically adjusted， and the longer the arm is extended， the more ropes are placed.

Keywords： truck crane; winch follow-up; system design; lifting load; application

汽車起重機伸縮機構分為繩排和單缸插銷2種：①繩排結構由臂內鋼絲繩和滑輪組組成，可實現多節臂同時伸縮，伸縮速度快但是吊載性能弱，常用于5節臂及以下機型；②單缸插銷由于臂段之間機械連接，伸縮臂只能按順序一節一節完成繩排機構，吊載能力強但是伸縮操作繁瑣，常用于6節臂及以上機型。

傳統模式下用于動作繁瑣，操作者需要保持高度警惕，否則吊鉤極易沖頂或者落地，給作業帶來安全隱患，卷揚隨動技術能夠很好地解決這些痛點。設計臂頭、對地、智能3種隨動模式（圖1）來保證作業自動化及吊鉤位置的安全性。……