高壓自起動永磁同步電動機的設計及實驗研究

摘 要：該文主要探究高壓自起動永磁同步電動機的設計要點，并對其性能進行實驗探究。定子設計主要包括合理選擇定子沖片以及確定定子槽數，同時將定子繞組的端部連接形式改為“Y”接形式，避免諧波在定子繞組之間產生環流。轉子設計主要包括選擇合理的轉子槽型，以及采用內置式磁路結構，并通過加裝隔磁磁橋的方式，避免磁路結構發生漏磁現象。結合設計方案改造電動機，并進行溫升實驗和振動實驗。結果表明，該電動機在滿載時效率穩定在98%左右，功率因數達到0.997，在穩態時的設計性能較好。在風機正常工作情況下，繞組與軸承等可以很快達到熱平衡狀態，熱穩定性良好。電動機振動較小，運行平穩，綜合性能良好。

關鍵詞：高壓自起動永磁同步電動機；定子沖片；轉子永磁體；溫升實驗；設計要點

中圖分類號：TM341 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：2095-2945（2024）29-0126-04

Abstract： This paper mainly explores the design points of high-voltage self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor and makes an experimental study on its performance. The stator design mainly includes reasonably selecting the stator lamination plate and determining the number of stator slots， and changing the end connection form of the stator winding to "Y" connection to avoid the circulating current between the stator windings. The rotor design mainly includes the selection of reasonable rotor slot type， the use of built-in magnetic circuit structure， and the installation of magnetic isolation bridge to avoid magnetic leakage. Based on the design scheme， the motor is reformed， and the temperature rise experiment and vibration experiment are carried out. The results show that the efficiency of the motor stable at around 98% at full load， and the power factor can reach 0.997. The design performance of the motor is good in steady state. In the normal working conditions of the fan， the windings and bearings can reach the state of thermal balance quickly and have good thermal stability. The motor has the advantages of small vibration， stable operation and good comprehensive performance.

Keywords： high-voltage self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor; stator lamination; rotor permanent-magnet; temperature rise experiment; design point

在各行各業大力推廣節能減排的背景下，研發和使用低功耗、高效率、高功率因數的電動機，能夠發揮顯著的經濟效益和社會效益。高壓自起動永磁同步電動機因其具有自行起動能力，在定速驅動領域得到了廣泛應用；同時融合了永磁電機高效率、高功率因數的優勢，逐步替代了傳統的異步感應電機。但是在高壓自起動永磁同步電動機的應用中，仍然存在容易發生漏磁、熱穩定性差等問題。因此，必須要結合電動機的工作環境、結構特點對定子、轉子等重要構件展開優化設計，從而進一步改善高壓自起動永磁同步電動機的性能。……