礦山水文地質環境勘查與治理方法研究

摘 要：通過地質測繪測量、遙感解譯和山地工程等綜合手段，查明項目區內礦山地質環境現狀和問題以及對周邊環境的影響，并查明治理工程的地質條件，為工程設計和礦山復綠提供依據。收集相關資料，分析項目區域內地質環境，掌握水文地質條件和工程地質條件。通過無人機航測、地質調查，查明渣堆大小、形狀，壓占土地面積，環境破壞程度，評價其穩定性；確定治理工程地質參數和工程地質條件；調查工程施工的三通一平，臨時占地和材料堆放場地。修建擋墻和排水設施后，消除礦山環境問題引發的地質災害隱患，使礦山地質環境和生態環境得到恢復和改善，保障社會經濟的可持續發展，社會效益顯著。覆土綠化后，渣堆成為立體式綠地，抑制粉塵，凈化空氣，改善、修復生態環境，為周圍群眾營造良好的生活環境，環境效益顯著。

關鍵詞：礦山地質環境；地質勘查；工程治理；覆土綠化；效益分析

中圖分類號：X506 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：2095-2945（2024）29-0114-04

Abstract： Through geological surveying and mapping， remote sensing interpretation and mountain engineering and other comprehensive means， this paper intends to find out the current situation and problems of the mine geological environment in the project area and its impact on the surrounding environment， analyze the geological conditions of the control project and provide a basis for engineering design and mine greening. This paper collects relevant data and analyzes the geological environment in the project area， so as to grasp the hydrogeological conditions and engineering geological conditions; through UAV aerial survey and geological survey， it is supposed to find out the size and shape of the slag pile， occupy the land area， the degree of environmental damage， and evaluate its stability; and it is proposed to determine the engineering geological parameters and engineering geological conditions， and investigate the three links and one level of the project construction， temporary occupation of land and material stacking site. After the construction of retaining walls and drainage facilities， the hidden dangers of geological disasters caused by mine environmental problems are eliminated， the mine geological environment and ecological environment are restored and improved， the sustainable development of social economy is ensured， and the social benefits are remarkable; through soil covering and greening， the slag pile becomes a three-dimensional green space， which suppresses dust， purifies the air， improves and repairs the ecological environment， and thereby creates a good living environment for the surrounding residents.

Keywords： mine geological environment; geological exploration; engineering treatment; soil covering greening; benefit analysis

礦產資源作為一種有限自然資源被開發利用，楊營子礦山由于沒有合理的開采規劃，開采技術水平低，導致該礦山在20世紀70年代破產，責任主體已經滅失。礦山開采過程中修建了水井、排水渠和擋墻，采礦活動形成大量渣堆，占用和破壞了大量土地，植被破壞嚴重，對周邊生態環境造成了破壞，對當地居民的居住環境造成了較大影響。當地人民群眾治理愿望迫切。

1 水文地質環境勘查

1.1 水文條件

楊營子礦山屬于燕山山地水文地質分區。……