基于殼外換熱的水下航行器殼體型線優化

摘 要：針對水下航行器殼外換熱形成的舷外鼓包對總阻力的影響，該文對水下航行器殼體和鼓包型線進行整體優化。首先，以水下航行器殼體型線和舷外鼓包型線設計參數為設計變量，以主尺度為約束條件，以水下直航總阻力為目標建立目標函數；然后，以初始主尺度進行參數化建模，同時，建立計算域參數化網格模型；最后，利用計算流體力學（CFD）方法分析水下航行器水下直航狀態速度場、壓力場分布，并根據流場信息對水下航行器殼體入流段、去流段和舷外鼓包區域型線進行優化。優化后的水下航行器摩擦阻力稍有增加，但黏壓阻力和總阻力下降明顯。通過該文型線優化降低殼外鼓包對總阻力的影響，該文研究結果可為基于殼外換熱的水下航行器總體設計提供參考。

關鍵詞：殼外換熱；水下航行器；CFD；阻力；型線優化

中圖分類號：U674.7+02 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：2095-2945（2024）29-0008-07

Abstract： Aiming at the influence of outboard bulge caused by heat transfer outside on total resistance of the underwater vehicle on the total resistance， the shell and drum profile of the underwater vehicle are optimized in this paper. First of all， the design parameters of the hull profile and outboard drum profile of the underwater vehicle are taken as the design variables， the principal scale is taken as the constraint condition， and the objective function is established with the total resistance of underwater direct navigation as the objective function. Then， the parametric modeling is carried out with the initial principal scale， and at the same time， the parameterized grid model of calculation domain is established. Finally， the computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method is used to analyze the velocity field and pressure field distribution of the underwater vehicle in the underwater direct navigation state， and according to the flow field information， the inlet section， outlet section and outboard drum zone profile of the underwater vehicle shell are optimized. The friction resistance of the optimized underwater vehicle increases slightly， but the viscous pressure resistance and total resistance decrease obviously. Through the optimization of the profile in this paper， the influence of the drum outside the shell on the total resistance is reduced， and the results of this paper can provide a reference for the overall design of the underwater vehicle based on the heat transfer outside the shell.

Keywords： external heat transfer; underwater vehicle; CFD; resistance; profile optimization

水下航行器作為水下智能化裝備，可執行水下各類任務，是探索海洋資源的熱點裝備[1]。其中，水下航行器動力裝置通常是利用艙內換熱器進行余熱導出。現如今為了節約動力裝置布置空間和直接利用海水進行殼外換熱，在水下航行器殼體舷外設計4個鼓包布置余熱冷卻器，形成殼外附體，但殼外附體勢必會對殼體型線的光順性造成破壞，增大水下航行器總阻力，降低航速。

本文采用計算流體力學原理對水下航行器水下航行狀態進行阻力分析，并結合舷外鼓包設計要求進行型線優化，以期將舷外鼓包形成的附體對水下航行器總阻力的影響降到最低，從而為殼外換熱水下航行器總體設計提供技術支持。……