如何成為殘疾人的盟友？

The disabilities may not be physical or even visible： they could be learning， developmental or intellectual disabilities， or mental or chronic illness. But as common as disability is， not many people know how to talk about disability or how to interact with disabled people.

“To so many people， disability remains a mystery， a scary topic，” says disability rights activist and writer Emily Ladau. “But that’s not what we should do when it comes to disability， because it’s just something that’s part of what makes people who they are.” In her 2021 book Demystifying Disability： What to Know， What to Say， and How to be an Ally， Ladau shares thoughts on how nondisabled and disabled people can collectively make the world a more inclusive and accessible place.

“Language is one of the most important signals that we have to demonstrate our acceptance or rejection of a person’s identity，” says Ladau， a wheelchair user with multiple disabilities. In her book， she lists words that shouldn’t be used and offers terms that should be used instead.

Disability is a natural part of the human experience. There’s no singular experience of what it means to be disabled， and there’s certainly nothing inherently bad or shameful about being disabled or having a disability. So the words disabled or disability？ Use them. They are not bad words.

Every person with a disability has a unique experience with their own disability. Within Ladau’s family， for instance， she， her mom and uncle have the same rare genetic disability. But for each of them， the disability manifests and impacts them differently. One person’s experience may inform another person’s， but no singular experience reflects that of the entire community.

“Allyship is not about simply holding the door for someone or using the correct words and then washing your hands off it， calling it a day and saying， ‘Hey， I was a good ally today，’” says Ladau. “To me， being an ally looks like asking yourself ‘Who’s at the table？’” says Ladau. “It’s a constant learning process and that can be challenging， but when we know better， we can do better.”

（材料選自NPR網站，有刪改）

1. What problem do many people have？

A. They have problem knowing what is disability.

B. They have problem recognizing the type of disability.

C. They have problem communicating with the disabled.

D. They have problem giving suggestions to the disabled.

2. What can we learn about Ladau from Paragraph 2？

A. She has a positive mind.

B. She enjoys being disabled.

C. She anticipates to be a writer.

D. She likes giving others advice.

3. Why did Ladau suffer from disability？

A. She had a unique experience.

B. Her family had a rare genetic disease.

C. She had a very serious accident.

D. Her family had a terrible impact on her.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？

A. It is good to hold a door for the disabled.

B. People need learning to be an ally of the disabled.

C. People need to challenge many things to be an ally.

D. It is better to keep some words about ally in minds.

1. C。解析：細節理解題。材料第一段的第二句提到“盡管殘疾很常見，但很少有人知道如何談論殘疾或如何與殘疾人互動”，C選項“他們和殘疾人溝通有困難”與材料內容相符，故選C。

2. A。解析：推理判斷題。根據材料第二段的“...because it’s just something that’s part of what makes people who they are.”和“Ladau shares thoughts on how nondisabled and disabled people can collectively make the world a more inclusive and accessible place.”，我們可知Ladau認為殘疾是殘疾人的一部人，她還寫書跟讀者分享自己的想法——正常人和殘疾人該怎樣共同打造相互包容和理解的世界。這說明Ladau是一個很樂觀的人，A選項“她很樂觀”與材料內容相符，故選A。

3. B。解析：細節理解題。材料第五段的第二句提到“例如，在Ladau的家庭中，她、她的母親和舅舅都有同樣罕見的遺傳性殘疾”，由此可知她的家族有一種罕見的遺傳病，故選B。

4. B。解析：推理判斷題。最后一段的最后一句提到“這是一個持續的學習過程，而且具有挑戰性，但當我們知道得更全面時，我們就可以做得更好”，B選項“人們需要學會成為殘疾人的盟友”與材料內容相符，故選B。