

現在完成時態句式
Have been to ,have been in 和have gone to 用法辨析
1. “have been to”表示曾經去過某個地方,強調的是去過的經歷或旅行的目的地。通常與表示地點的名詞連用。
—I have been to Paris. (我去過巴黎。)
—Have you ever been to China?(你曾經去過中國嗎?)
2. “have been in”表示曾經在某個地方待過一段時間,強調的是在某個地方的居住或停留經歷。同樣也是與表示地點的名詞連用。
—She has been in London for three years. (她在倫敦已經待了三年了。)
—Have they been in that small town before?(他們以前曾經在那個小鎮待過嗎?)
3. “have gone to”表示已經去了某個地方,強調的是離開當前位置前往其他地方的行動。與表示地點的動詞連用。
—He has gone to the market to buy some groceries. (他去市場買些雜貨了。)
—Have they gone to the park yet?(他們已經去公園了嗎?)
總之,“have been to” 強調的是去過某個地方的經歷;“have been in” 強調的是在某個地方的居住或停留經歷;“have gone to”則強調的是離開當前位置前往其他地方的行動。
現在完成時與一般過去時的區別
1. 兩種時態都表示過去發生的行為動作或存在的狀態
現在完成時表示的是過去的動作對現在情況造成的影響或結果,這個動作與現實密切相關;一般過去時表示的是過去動作的事實或狀態,與現在不發生關系。
He has been there. (強調人沒走)
She left No. 14 Middle School. (動作發生在過去,人或許已不在該地)
His parents know he has made great progress in his studies.
(了解到“進步”與現在的聯系)
My family moved to the city of China Chang Chun when I was ten years old(只說明動作情況,與現在無關)
2. 從時間狀語上看,現在完成時可與籠統的過去時間狀語連用,但不能與過去明確的,具體的時間狀語連用;一般過去時常與表示明確的,具體的過去狀語連用。
如:yesterday, last night, a few days ago, in 1998…
I joined league three years ago. 我三年前加入了社團
China has sent up more than thirty man-made satellites in the past over twenty years.
3從動作的傾向性上看;兩種是時態都表示過去開始并延續一段時間的動作現在完成時特指動作的延續;所以這個動作具有重復性,延續性;一般過去時說明動作已經結束,或過去的延續強調動作的過程,并伴有感情色彩。
He has lived in London for ten years(可能現在已不住了)
He lived in London for ten years (說明過去事實,不涉及現在)
4從說話的意圖或含意上看:兩種時態可能無表示過去的時間狀語,或許有似類this morning等與現在有關的時間狀語,選用那種時態,這就要根據句子的含意,或上、下文來判斷。
現在完成時表示過去的經驗,一般過去時則表示過去動作的事實。
I have written two compositions today. (事情發生在今天,作文寫完了,而時間仍然是今天。)
I wrote two compositions today. (事情發生在晚上之前結束,作文可能在今天中的某時寫的,這里只說明寫作文的事實)
跟蹤練習:
語法填空閱讀下面的材料并填空。有的答案要填入適當的內容,有的答案要用括號內單詞的正確形式,但每個答案不多于三個單詞。
My hometown is a small town. It is in the southern part 1 Shandong Province. I left my hometown to work in Singapore 15 years ago. But I 2 (not be) back home for almost ten years.
Last month I came back to my hometown with my family. What I saw 3 (great) surprised me. Great changes 4 (take) place in the past ten years. The environment is getting 5 (beautiful) than before. The streets are wider and cleaner. There are trees and flowers everywhere. In the past,people used 6 (travel) by bike. Now they take buses or drive cars. I’m sure transportation 7 (be) better in the future.
When I got home,my parent "8 (wait)for me at home. Then they told me a lot of the 9 "(change)in my hometown. I can’t imagine 10 my hometown will be like in another ten years’ time.
1. of 2. have not been 3. greatly 4. have taken 5. more beautiful
6. to travel 7. will be 8. were waiting 9. changes 10. what