基于非靶向代謝組學挖掘兩種日糧模式下蛋雞回腸代謝物的差異

張應胡 秦緒光 馬麗 王皓杰 胡玲 田光明

摘要：為探究飼喂基礎日糧（CON）和含5.0%益生菌發酵飼料（PFF）2種日糧條件下蛋雞回腸內容物代謝物差異，采用液相色譜-質譜和非靶向代謝組學相結合的方法，檢測2種日糧條件下蛋雞回腸中代謝產物，通過差異代謝物篩選和KEGG富集分析，篩選出蛋雞回腸中的差異代謝物及代謝通路。結果表明，與CON組相比，PFF組中膽酸、牛磺鵝去氧膽酸、鵝去氧膽酸等膽汁酸含量顯著降低，異亮氨酸-亮氨酸-甘氨酸-丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸-谷氨酸-纈氨酸-谷氨酸、亮氨酸-酪氨酸-蘇氨酸-賴氨酸等小肽含量顯著增加；KEGG通路富集分析表明，代謝物主要與膽汁分泌、初級膽汁酸生物合成等通路相關，初級膽汁酸在宿主脂質和脂溶性物質的消化代謝、抗氧化狀態、膽固醇代謝和宿主-微生物相互作用中發揮重要作用。蛋雞日糧中添加益生菌發酵飼料可通過改變腸道代謝產物來改善腸道吸收功能。

關鍵詞：發酵飼料；蛋雞；回腸代謝產物；非靶向代謝組學

中圖分類號：S831.5? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼：A

文章編號：0439-8114（2024）06-0213-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2024.06.035 開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Exploring the differences in ileal metabolites of laying hens under two different dietary patterns based on non targeted metabolomics

ZHANG Ying-hu1， QIN Xu-guang2， MA Li1， WANG Hao-jie1， HU Ling1， TIAN Guang-ming1

（1.College of Animal Science and Technology， Yangtze University， Jingzhou? 434025， Hubei， China； 2.Rizhao Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center， Rizhao? 276826， Shandong， China）

Abstract： To investigate the differences in metabolites in the ileum contents of laying hens fed with two different dietary conditions： basal diet （CON） and fermented feed containing 5.0% probiotics （PFF），a combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and non targeted metabolomics was used to detect metabolites in the ileum of laying hens under two different dietary conditions. Differential metabolite screening and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to screen for differential metabolites and metabolic pathways in the ileum of laying hens. The results showed that compared with the CON group， the content of bile acids such as bile acid， taurine goose deoxycholic acid， and goose deoxycholic acid in the PFF group was significantly reduced， while the content of small peptides such as isoleucine-leucine-glycine-alanine， phenylalanine-glutamate-valine-glutamate， and leucine-tyrosine-threonine-lysine was significantly increased；KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that metabolites were mainly related to pathways such as bile secretion and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Primary bile acids played important roles in the digestion and metabolism of host lipids and lipophilic substances， antioxidant status， cholesterol metabolism， and host-microbial interactions. Adding probiotic fermented feed to the diet of laying hens could improve intestinal absorption function by altering intestinal metabolites.

Key words：fermented feed； laying hens； ileal metabolites； non-targeted metabolomics

蛋雞養殖是中國畜禽行業的重要組成部分。然而，在集約化養殖中蛋雞運動受限，導致蛋雞腸道代謝性能下降，降低了營養物質的消化吸收效率，進而降低了生產性能。育雛期是蛋雞養殖的關鍵時期，該時期的蛋雞與其他畜禽相比消化道較短，未完全發育的腸道免疫力較弱，腸道消化吸收與屏障功能易受影響。有研究表明，飼喂益生菌發酵飼料能夠減少抗生素的使用，提高畜禽生產性能、機體免疫力及產品品質等［1，2］。……