細讀文本，剖析人物性格

廣東 吳 翔

【問題導讀】

目前，高考英語讀后續寫主要以記敘文為主，故事的發展主要圍繞幾個核心人物。在記敘文中，核心人物的性格直接影響續寫的情節構思。因此，核心人物性格的解讀和判斷顯得尤為重要。在續寫時，我們面臨的主要問題有兩個：

1.如何通過解讀原文，判斷出人物的主要性格類型？

2.如何依據人物的性格，合情合理地預測人物接下來的動作與選擇，并有邏輯且連貫地創作故事？

【名師導學】

1.人物的心理、外貌、行為等描寫往往顯露出人物的性格。因此，在解讀原文時，做標注能夠幫助我們準確地描述人物性格。下面提供一種閱讀時做標注的范式。

心理描寫Psychology___description（PD）（AD）（BD）神態描寫Appearance description行為描寫Behaviour description

2.在運用形容詞描述人物后，我們可以依據九型人格理論圖確定人物的性格類型，并據此預測人物接下來的動作與選擇，構思結局。

3.在續寫后，我們可以將自己續寫的內容與原文進行對比，分析續寫內容與原文的人物性格的連貫程度和故事情節發展的合理程度。

【案例導引】

閱讀下面短文，根據所給情節進行續寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。

After Twenty Years

The short storyAfter Twenty Yearsis set in New York on a cold, dark night.Most people had left work to go home, and this part of the city was quiet.A policeman who was checking the area saw a man outside a shop.He went up to the man and found he had a scar on his face.They had a chat and the man started to tell his story.

“Twenty years ago tonight,” said the man, “I dined here at ‘Big Joe’ Brady's with Jimmy Wells, my best chum, and the finest chap in the world.He and I were raised here in New York, just like two brothers, together.I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty.The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune.You couldn't have dragged Jimmy out of New York; he thought it was the only place on earth.Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or how long the distance might be.We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be.”

“It sounds pretty interesting,” said the policeman.“Rather a long time between meetings, though, it seems to me.Haven't you heard from your friend since you left?”

“Well, yes, for a time we corresponded,” said the other.“But after a year or two we lost track of each other.You see, the West is pretty big, and I kept hustling around over it.But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive, for he always was the truest, staunchest old chap in the world.He'll never forget.I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight, and it's worth it if my old partner turns up.”

注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。

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The policeman turned out to be Jimmy.The scar told him it was Bob,his old friend,a man now wanted by the police._________________________________________________

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Bob,now 58,stepped out of the jail,looking around.____________________________

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一、獲取基本要素

一對曾經的好友鮑勃和吉米相約20 年后在紐約的一家餐廳見面。去西部打拼歸來，鮑勃在約定好的時間和地點卻等來了一位巡警。巡警小心地詢問著鮑勃的情況，二人的對話由此展開。小說的標題為“二十年后”，暗指二十年后兩位年少時的好友歷經世事滄桑后的改變。本文的體裁為小說，第三人稱視角的敘述方式能讓作者突破時空的限制，直擊主人公的內心世界。小說情節的安排極具戲劇化，內容主要以人物對話為主，對話簡潔且口語化，其中多處運用反語和諷刺的表現手法，生動地塑造出吉米和鮑勃截然不同的性格，揭露人物在面臨選擇時展現出的真實且矛盾的人性。此處，本文巧妙地節選了前半部分，且給出了最后兩段的首句，這使得結局耐人尋味。下面是小說的五大基本要素。

When did the story happen?Where did the story happen?Who are they?What did they do?Why was the man standing outside the shop?When Where Who What Why on a cold, dark night___________in New York, outside a shop________the policeman Jimmy and the scarred man Bob They were talking to each other._______He was waiting for his old friend, Jimmy.___

二、厘清故事情節

故事山是一種幫助學生了解故事結構的工具。 故事山能讓學生在閱讀文本后再次審視故事的人物、情節、事件，從而得到對文本更清晰的總體意識。

A.The man explained he went to the West___to make a fortune and his trust in Jim____my.B.The man talked about the promise he had___made with his best friend Jim___________my.C.The policeman asked further about their___corresponden________________________ce.D.A policeman saw a man with a scar on his___face standing outside a sh______________op.

三、剖析人物性格

仔細閱讀文本，在原文中找出與主人公相關的細節描寫，運用下面的九型人格理論圖幫助我們描述人物，準確定位小說中主人公的主要性格類型，并據此判斷主人公在后文面臨選擇時的決定。

_____Characters____the policeman__the man with a scar____Jimmy Wells Supporting details Adjectives Personality types_

Characters Supporting details Adjectives Personality typesimages/BZ_59_207_1729_508_2088.pngpatient;easy-going;a good listener The Mediator The Observer the policemanimages/BZ_59_219_2287_497_2671.pngThe Achiever the man with a scar 1.A policeman who was checking the area saw a man outside a shop.He went up to the man and found he had a scar on his face.They had a chat and the man started to tell his story.2.“It sounds pretty interesting,” said the policeman.“Rather a long time between meetings, though, it seems to me.Haven't________________you heard from your friend since you left?”1.“I was to start for the West to make my fortune.”2.“The West is pretty big, and I kept hustling around over it.”3.“We agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or how long the distance might be.”4.“I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight, and it's worth it if my________________old partner turns up.”careful;cautious;observant;responsible ambitious;adventurous;determined;focused on making a fortune and being successful super loyal and faithful;devoted The Idealist

（續表）

四、做比較，猜結局

在判斷出人物的性格后，我們可以將人物的性格進行比較，分析人物之間的關系，想象人物后續可能做出的選擇，猜測結局。

Make a comparison between the policeman and Jimmy based on their personalities,and use the following questions to help you predict an ending.

1.What can you find out? Are they similar or different? How? What could be the relationship between them?

2.Would Jimmy keep the promise and come to meet the man?

3.If Jimmy is the policeman, what do you think he would choose between devotion to duty and loyalty to friendship?

Characters Adjectives________________Personality types__images/BZ_60_383_1992_661_2324.pngpatient; easy-going, a good listener careful; cautious; observant; responsible The Mediator The Observer The policemanimages/BZ_60_387_2430_656_2781.pngsuper loyal and faithful; devoted; true staunch; stubborn traditional; conservative The Idealist The Loyal Skeptic The Observer________Jimmy Wells

五、讀首句，定情節

在依據人物性格預測故事可能的結局后，我們可以繼續分析結尾兩段的首句信息，以判斷是否符合我們的猜測，并開始構思和創作結局。

1.Was Bob arrested in the end? Who might do this? Why?

2.What has Bob experienced over the past twenty years?

3.How would Bob react to the arrest?

4.What would happen to Bob after another twenty years? How would he feel? Would he meet someone?

六、品原著，做評價

在完成續寫后，我們可以品味歐·亨利式的結尾，并與我們續寫的內容進行對比和分析，判斷兩種結局是否符合原文中人物的性格，由此做出相應的評價。

Read the original ending and find out what actually happened.

Bob,I was at the appointed place on time.When you struck the match to light your cigar,I saw it was the face of the man wanted in Chicago.Somehow I couldn't do it myself,so I went around and got a plain clothes man to do the job.

Jimmy

1.What kind of ending is this? More than one answer will be suitable.

2.How do you like this one? Give your reasons.

參考范文

Paragraph 1:

The policeman turned out to be Jimmy.The scar told him it was Bob,his old friend,a man now wanted by the police.“Bob, it's me, Jimmy.I knew what you had done from the Chicago policeman,” Jimmy said, his voice trembling.Surprised and scared, Bob seemed to be at a loss.He didn't even know whether he should run or stay.Jimmy seemed to know what was going on in his mind, “Bob, you have been under arrest.Chicago is waiting for you.Don't worry.I will take care of your family,” Jimmy continued, putting his hand on Bob's shoulder.Bob looked into Jimmy's eyes.He knew it was time to surrender.

Paragraph 2:

Bob,now 58,stepped out of the jail,looking around.Nobody.After twenty years behind bars, he felt like an outcast to the city and everyone in it.Lost and helpless, he wandered aimlessly through the streets.Somehow, he arrived at the same old shop.In the dim light of a streetlamp, he noticed an old man there, sitting on a bench.“Bob,” the old man looked up.Although twenty years had passed, he could still recognize that face—Bob's face.“I'm here for our meeting.Welcome home, my best chum!”

【模擬導練】

閱讀下面短文，根據所給情節進行續寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。

A vacation with my mother

I had an interesting childhood: It was filled with surprises and amusements, all because of my mother—loving, sweet, yet absent-minded and forgetful.One strange family trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her.

My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North Dakota, and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way.As the first day of our trip approached, David, my eight-year-old brother, and I unwillingly said goodbye to all of our friends.Who knew if we'd ever see them again? Finally, the moment of our departure arrived, and we loaded suitcases, books, games, camping equipment,and a tent into the car and bravely drove off.We bravely drove off again two hours later after we'd returned home to get the purse and traveler's checks Mom had forgotten.

David and I were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad slept.“You stand outside the door and act as a lookout (瞭望員) while I go, and I'll stand outside the door and act as a lookout while you go.” I had terrible pictures in my mind, “Honey, where are the kids?” “What? Oh, I thought they were being awfully quiet.” We were never actually left behind in a strange city, but we weren't about to take any chances.

On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy.After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why didn't we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up a tent there? David and I became nervous.To our great relief, Dad turned down the idea.Mom never could understand our objections.If a strange family showed up on her front doorstep, Mom would have been delighted.She thinks everyone in the world is as nice as she is.We finally found a vacancy in the next town.

注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。

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The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us.____________

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We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way.___________

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【評價導思】

1.在續寫前，我是否能定位文章要素和厘清故事情節？我是否能在閱讀原文時做好標注，幫助自己準確地運用形容詞描述人物性格？

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2.在續寫時，我是否能理解并運用九型人格理論圖，依據人物的細節描寫判定人物性格，由此推測人物可能的后續選擇和決定，并有邏輯地預測和構思出符合人物性格的結局？

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3.在續寫后，我是否能基于自己的創作成果，對比并賞析原作，品味歐·亨利式的結尾，提升續寫中人物性格的連貫性和故事情節發展的合理性？

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