摘要 膽汁酸是參與脂質消化吸收的重要分子,在肝臟合成后被輸送至腸道中發(fā)揮作用,主要分布于膽囊、肝臟、胃腸道和外周血中。眾多研究表明膽汁酸參與了腸易激綜合征、炎癥性腸病、消化道腫瘤等多種胃腸道疾病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展,血清膽汁酸被廣泛應用于肝功能監(jiān)測、肝病診斷、預后評估等方面。本文就膽汁酸的生理功能和代謝異常的病理生理,以及血清膽汁酸與胃腸道疾病的研究進展進行總結分析,為進一步探索其應用于胃腸道疾病的臨床診斷和評估提供參考。
關鍵詞 膽汁酸; 腸易激綜合征; 炎癥性腸病; 消化系統(tǒng)腫瘤; 生物學標志物
Research Progress of Serum Bile Acids in Gastrointestinal Diseases YAO Nuo, SHI Yongquan. Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi′an (710032)
Correspondence to: SHI Yongquan, Email: shiyquan@fmmu.edu.cn
Abstract Bile acids are synthesized in the liver and then transported to the intestine, playing important roles in the digestion and absorption of lipids. They are mainly distributed in the gallbladder, liver, gastrointestinal tract and peripheral blood. Many studies have shown that bile acids are involved in the development of various gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and gastrointestinal tumors. Serum bile acids have been widely used in the liver function monitoring, liver diseases diagnosis, and prognosis assessment. This article summarized and analyzed the physiological functions and pathophysiology of abnormal metabolism of bile acids, and the research progress of serum bile acids and gastrointestinal diseases, in order to provide a reference for further exploration of their application in clinical diagnosis and evaluation of gastrointestinal diseases.
Key words Bile Acids; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Digestive System Neoplasms;Biomarkers
膽汁酸是膽固醇的核心代謝產(chǎn)物。在肝臟中合成的初級膽汁酸隨膽汁通過膽管系統(tǒng)輸送到腸道,隨后在腸道微生物的作用下轉化為次級膽汁酸。膽汁酸在消化系統(tǒng)中可發(fā)揮乳化劑作用,促進脂溶性營養(yǎng)物質的消化吸收,并作為重要信號分子參與調節(jié)脂類和葡萄糖代謝途徑,有助于維持機體穩(wěn)態(tài)[1]。肝臟是膽汁酸合成的唯一器官,其生理功能的變化會影響外周血膽汁酸水平,因此血清膽汁酸水平已被廣泛應用于各類肝病患者的疾病診斷、肝功能監(jiān)測、預后評估等多方面。膽汁酸的作用機制復雜,可能參與多種消化道疾病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。本文總結分析膽汁酸的生理合成和代謝、膽汁酸代謝異常的病理生理等研究進展,探討其與腸易激綜合征(irritable bowel syndrome, IBS)、炎癥性腸病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD)、腫瘤等消化道疾病的關系和臨床應用,以期幫助臨床醫(yī)師更好地理解膽汁酸在疾病進程中的作用,并推動血清膽汁酸指標的臨床應用。……