舒適性視角下流動人才居留意愿空間差異及影響因素

[摘 要：吸引和留住人才是推動區域創新發展的重要手段，流動人才問題已成為各界關注熱點?；?014—2018年中國流動人口動態監測數據，結合城市舒適性理論，使用探索性空間數據分析和地理加權回歸方法探究長三角城市群流動人才居留意愿的空間格局及其影響因素。研究發現：長三角城市群流動人才居留意愿以上海-池州線為界，呈現出北高南低的分布格局，且具有顯著的空間正相關性；長三角城市群流動人才居留意愿受其自身特征和流入地城市舒適性的共同影響，且城市舒適性表現為更顯著的正向影響，證實了城市舒適性理論在解釋流動人才居留意愿方面的適用性；不同類型舒適性對流動人才居留意愿的影響存在差異，且具有明顯的空間異質性特征。

關鍵詞：流動人才；居留意愿；城市舒適性；人才政策

中圖分類號：C964.2；C912.81" " " 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1007-5097（2023）07-0022-09 ]

Abstract：Attracting and retaining talents is an important means of promoting regional innovation and development，and the issue of floating talents has become a hot topic of attention from all sectors. Based on China migrants dynamic survey （2014—2018），combined with the theory of urban amenity，this paper uses exploratory spatial data analysis and geographical weighted regression methods to explore the spatial pattern of the settlement intention of floating talents in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and its influencing factors. This study has found that settlement intention of floating talents in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is bounded by the Shanghai-Chizhou line，showing a distribution pattern of high in the north and low in the south，with a significant spatial positive correlation；the settlement intention of floating talents in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is jointly influenced by their own characteristics and the amenity of the destination city，and urban amenity shows a more significant positive impact，confirming the applicability of urban amenity theory in explaining the settlement intention of floating talents；there are differences in the impact of different types of amenity on the settlement intention of floating talents，and there are obvious spatial heterogeneity characteristics.

Key words：floating talents；settlement intention；urban amenity；talent policy

一、引言及文獻綜述

知識經濟時代，人才資源逐漸代替資本、土地等生產要素，成為推動經濟增長的主要動力源泉和提升城市競爭力的核心力量。為吸引和集聚優質人才資源，全國各地先后制定并出臺一系列人才政策，盡管這些人才政策通過一次性補貼等措施在短期內能吸引人才的流入，但對其能否長期居留影響較小。流動人才的居留選擇是其結合自身需求對流入城市進行綜合考慮后的決策結果，而不僅僅受人才政策影響。流動人才居留意愿是一個能夠反映流動人才是否愿意長期居住在流入城市的指標，能夠較好地體現流動人才的居留選擇?！?br>