?株距對湖南茄衣煙生長和煙葉品質的影響

摘 要： 以茄衣煙品種CX80為試材，在湖南懷化煙區研究了不同栽培株距對茄衣煙生長和煙葉品質的影響。結果表明：當栽培株距為35 cm時，煙葉的物理特性表現最優，作為茄衣煙葉的工業可用性最好；煙葉的總糖含量以栽培株距35和40 cm處理較合適，分別為1.75%和2.36%；煙堿含量是栽培株距35和40 cm處理最接近適宜范圍，分別為4.18%和4.35%；鉀氯比是栽培株距40 cm處理最高，其次是35 cm處理，分別為3.35和2.85；氮堿比最接近1的是栽培株距35 cm處理，其次是30和40 cm處理，分別為0.85、0.75和0.73；各類致香物質含量總量最高的處理是栽培株距40 cm處理，達737.439 μg/g，其次是栽培株距30 cm處理，為718.455 μg/g；感官質量總分得分高的是栽培株距30和40 cm處理，分別為47.50和47.25分，其次是栽培株距35 cm處理，為46.50。綜合各項指標，在湖南懷化煙區，茄衣煙品種CX80的栽培株距為35～40 cm時，煙葉的物理質量較好，致香物質含量較高，感官質量評價得分較高。

關鍵詞：" 茄衣煙；栽培株距；農藝性狀；煙葉品質；湖南

中圖分類號：S572 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）02-0025-04

Abstract： Using a wrapper tobacco cultivar CX80 as test material， this paper has studied effects of four plant spacing densities on the growth and quality of wrapper tobacco in Huaihua tobacco-growing area， Hunan. The results showed that when the plant spacing was 35 cm， tobacco physical characteristics and industrial usability for wrapper tobacco were the best; at 35 and 40 cm plant spacing， the total sugar content of tobacco leaves was appropriately 1.75% and 2.36%， respectively， meanwhile， nicotine content was 4.18% and 4.35%， respectively， nearest to the appropriate range; the two highest ratios of potassium to chlorine were 3.35 and 2.85， respectively， obtained in the treatments of 40 and 35 cm plant spacing; the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine was 0.85 at 35 cm plant spacing， closest to 1， followed by 0.75 （plant spacing 30 cm） and 0.73 （plant spacing 40 cm）. The highest total content of aromatic substances was 737.439 μg/g （plant spacing 40 cm）， followed by 718.455 μg/g （plant spacing 30 cm）. The two highest total scores of sensory quality were 47.50 and 47.52 achieved by two treatments of plant spacing 30 and 40 cm， followed by 46.50 （ plant spacing 35 cm）. Comprehensively considering all indicators，" plant spacing of 35 or 40 cm is recommended for CX80：" the physical quality of tobacco leaves is better， the content of aroma substances is higher， and the sensory quality is scored higher in Huaihua tobacco-growing region of Hunan Province.

Key words： wrapper tobacco; plant spacing;" agronomic traits; tobacco quality; Hunan

種植密度是煙草栽培的關鍵技術之一，它會影響煙株生長環境的溫濕度、光照以及對土壤養分的吸收，進而影響煙葉的品質[1]。種植密度過低時雖可保證煙株正常生長發育，但難以保證較高的產量和經濟效益[2]，而種植密度過高時則容易導致煙株個體后期發育不足[3]。時向東等[4]研究發現，在中、低密度栽培條件下，茄衣煙的群體發育和個體發育更適宜，煙葉的生理指標隨著種植密度的提高而下降，但經濟產量卻增加。郭寧等[5]的研究結果表明，株行距為50 cm×110 cm、施氮量為157.5 kg/hm2時煙葉的品質和產量顯著提高。……