
摘 要:在耕地總量受限條件下,推進農村土地流轉、盤活耕地資源是進一步提高糧食生產能力的重要途徑。在梳理我國農村土地流轉發展歷程的基礎上,探討了農村土地流轉影響糧食產量的主要路徑,并提出優化農村土地流轉以提高糧食生產能力的政策建議。研究認為,農村土地流轉主要通過減少耕地撂荒,增加耕地面積;優化資源配置,提高糧食單產;促進適度規模經營,提高農業全要素生產率;促進土地整理,增加耕地面積;加重耕地“非糧化”,威脅糧食生產等途徑影響糧食產量,影響結果有正有負。提出通過農村土地流轉助推糧食生產的建議:積極、規范、合理推進農村土地流轉;推進規模流轉,發展適度規模經營;采用法律、制度、經濟、技術等多重手段防止土地流轉后“非糧化”。
關鍵詞:糧食安全;農村土地流轉;適度規模經營;“非糧化”
中圖分類號:F301 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)02-0099-06
Abstract: Under the condition that the total area of cultivated land is limited, promoting the transfer of rural land to invigorate cultivated land resources is an important way to further improve grain production capacity. On the basis of sorting out the development process of rural land transfer in China, this paper explores main paths of the influence of rural land transfer on grain production, and puts forward policy suggestions to optimize rural land transfer to improve grain production capacity. It concludes that rural land transfer mainly affects grain production through the following ways with both positive and negative results: reducing the abandonment of cultivated land, thus increasing the cultivated land area; optimizing resource allocation, and increasing the grain yield per unit area; promoting moderate-scale operations, and increasing agricultural total factor productivity; promoting land consolidation, thus increasing the cultivated land area; aggravating the \"non-grain production\" of cultivated land, thus threatening grain production. Therefore, it puts forward some suggestions on promoting grain production through rural land transfer: to actively, normatively and reasonably promote rural land transfer; to promote scale transfer, and develop moderate-scale operations; to adopt legal, institutional, economic, technological and other means to prevent the \"non-grain production\" of transferred land.
Key words: food security; rural land transfer; moderate-scale operation; \"non-grain production\"
國以民為本,民以食為天。保障糧食安全不僅是中華人民共和國成立以來治國安邦的首要任務,也是我國新時期全面推進鄉村振興、加快農業農村現代化的首要任務[1-2],其“頭等大事”“永恒課題”的地位任何時候都不能動搖。保障糧食安全的關鍵是保障糧食綜合生產能力,而糧食生產的根本在耕地。因此,合理有效地利用現有耕地資源生產更多的糧食,是提高我國糧食生產能力、保障糧食安全的關鍵所在。在我國耕地資源總量受限以及要素投入的驅動作用日益減弱的現實條件下,推動農村土地流轉(指農戶所承包耕地的經營權流轉),盤活耕地資源,促進生產要素優化配置,是使耕地資源煥發新活力、為糧食生產提供新動能的有效途徑。……