劉士聰
大約在1956年3月下旬,E. B.懷特在佛羅里達觀看John Ringling North的馬戲表演,之后寫了散文“The Ring of Time”。E. B. White Reader一書編者說,作者通過觀看騎手的表演向我們展示了“the eternity of youth”。這是一篇好散文,我們從中選幾個片段,學習、研究他的句子,揣摩他的寫作技巧。
下面這個段落是該文的開頭部分,寫馴馬師遛馬的情景。她牽著韁繩,讓馬圍著場地反時針方向轉,為了盡量讓馬走一個很大的圈,她也在場地中央隨著馬走一個小圈。
例1:The long rein, or tape, by which the woman guided her charge counterclockwise in his dull career formed the radius of their private circle, of which she was the revolving center; and she, too, stepped a tiny circumference of her own, in order to accommodate the horse and allow him his maximum scope.
這是一個較長的并列句,意思比較復雜,但句子的構成卻很清晰。分號之前是一個主從復合句,主干部分“The long rein, or tape... formed the radius of their private circle”中有一個of which引起的從句;分號之后的“and she, too, stepped a tiny circumference of her own...”是并列句的后半部分,也是一個簡單句,其中有一個由by which引起的從句,并含有一個由“in order to...”引出的短語。
留意一下句中的to accommodate the horse and allow him his maximum scope,這里的to accommodate義為to provide enough space,馴馬人這樣做是為了給馬提供足夠的空間讓他跑圈;后面的maximum scope表達了同樣的意思。其中動詞accommodate用得好,值得揣摩,可以模仿。
在這段文字里,懷特細致而清晰地描繪了一個微妙的場景。他擅長寫復雜句子,安排好句子的主干成分之后,特別會用定語從句,或后置的限定、修飾成分,閱讀他的作品時可注意這一點。
例2: 文中有一個描寫騎馬女郎穿泳衣在馬背上表演的段落,我們將這段文字分作四個句子來分析:
1. Twice she managed a one-foot stance—a sort of ballet pose, with arms outstretched.
她曾兩次單腿站在馬背上,兩臂向外伸展,很像芭蕾舞的動作。這里的stance是站在馬背上的一個姿勢;pose一般是有意擺出的姿態,在這個上下文里,二者意思大體相當。
2. At one point the neck strap of her bathing suit broke and she went twice around her ring in the classic attitude of a woman making minor repairs to a garment.
女郎正在表演時,掛在脖子上的泳衣背帶斷了,這很尷尬?!?br>