應用植被生態指標對安徽省生態系統質量動態遙感評估1)

蔣德健 楊倩 阮艷婷 王杰

(安徽大學，合肥，230601)

Taking the administrative region of Anhui Province as the research object, the MODIS data products based on the vegetation coverage, leaf area index and total primary productivity of Anhui Province during 2015-2020 and the remote sensing products based on Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing image inversion of vegetation ecological parameters in summer of two typical ecological regions were selected to build the ecosystem quality index model. The dynamic change of ecosystem quality and its main influencing factors in Anhui Province were analyzed. The results showed that in 2020, the average value of ecosystem quality index in Anhui Province was 62.27, which was rated as good, and the ecosystem quality level of each administrative region was above intermediate, and Huangshan City was rated as excellent. From 2015 to 2020, the ecosystem quality of Anhui Province showed an overall trend of improvement, among which Bengbu City significantly improved, while Fuyang City, Huainan City and Maanshan City significantly decreased. In the five ecological functional zones, the quality of ecosystem along the Yangtze River Plain decreased obviously, while the quality of ecosystem in the Dabie Mountain ecological zone in western Anhui improved obviously. The decline of ecosystem quality in the economic belt along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province and the typical ecological areas in the mountainous and hilly areas in southern Anhui Province is mainly concentrated in the Wuhu and Susong Sections of the Yangtze River and in the southwest of the mountainous areas in southern Anhui Province.

生態系統質量表征生態系統自然植被的優劣程度，反映了生態系統內植被與生態系統整體狀況，是生態系統生產服務能力、抗干擾能力和人類生存與發展承載能力的體現[1]。良好的生態系統質量不僅關系到人類居住環境和生活水平，同時也是推進生態文明建設的重要舉措[2]。

植被作為陸地生態系統的重要組成部分，對生態系統變化極為敏感，且連接著大氣、水和土壤等圈層[3]，在地球環境系統的形成過程中發揮著積極作用[4]。因此，從植被生態指標角度掌握區域生態系統質量狀況對維持區域生態文明與可持續發展具有重要作用[5]。植被覆蓋度量化了植被的茂密程度，反映了植被長勢，是描述生態系統的重要基礎指標[6]。葉面積指數反映生態系統中單位面積上的葉面積大小，是模擬生態系統、水熱循環和生物地球化學循環的重要參數[7]。總初級生產力是描述陸地生態系統的重要參數，提供了全球氣候變化情況下碳循環的定量化描述[8]。以上3種植被生態指標對評價地區生態環境質量及指示生態環境動態具有重要意義。

對生態系統質量量化評估的方法一般是通過數學模型來構建評估指標體系。我國生態環境部頒布的《生態環境狀況評價技術規范》中運用植被覆蓋指數、生物豐度指數、土地脅迫指數、水網密度指數、污染負荷指數構建生態環境狀況指數。這種方法雖然能較好地定量評價縣級以上區域的生態系統質量，但存在評價指標不易獲取、時效差和無法空間可視化等問題。……