人參灰葡萄孢對(duì)氯氟醚菌唑敏感基線的建立及抗藥性監(jiān)測(cè)1)

馬新智 盧寶慧 王若谷 陳長(zhǎng)卿 張艷敬 高潔

(吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)，長(zhǎng)春，130118)

馮志偉 侯萬鵬 孫國(guó)剛 李公啟

(吉林參王植?？萍加邢薰? (集安市人參研究所)

In order to clarify the resistance of ginseng Botrytis cinerea strains to mefentrifluconazole, the sensitivity of B. cinerea to mefentrifluconazole was determined by mycelial growth rate method, and fungicide-resistance of B. cinerea to mefentrifluconazole was monitored with minimum inhibitory concentration method. The range of EC50 values of mefentrifluconazolea gainst the tested B. cinerea strains was from 0.008 4 to 2.795 8 mg/L, and the sensitivity frequency distribution showed a continuous unimodal curve, which was in line with the normal distribution by K-S method. There was no resistant population with significantly decreased sensitivity, and its average EC50 value of 0.174 4 mg/L can be used as the sensitive baseline of B. cinerea to mefentrifluconazole. There were significant differences in the sensitivity of B. cinerea strains from different geographical regions and different years to mefentrifluconazole. Most of the tested strains of B.cinerea were sensitive or low resistantto mefentrifluconazole, only a small number of medium and high resistant strains were found in Fusong County and Ji’an City of Jilin Province, and the resistance frequency was all less than 3.7%.

由灰葡萄孢(Botrytiscinerea)引起的灰霉病是人參生產(chǎn)上的最重要的病害之一，通常發(fā)病株率為15%～30%，嚴(yán)重地塊超過50%，嚴(yán)重影響了人參的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)[1]?；移咸焰呒闹鞣秶鷱V泛，具有變異頻率高、再侵染頻繁、易產(chǎn)生抗藥性等特點(diǎn)，屬于高抗藥性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的致病菌之一[2]。化學(xué)藥劑是防治灰霉病的重要手段，但化學(xué)藥劑的長(zhǎng)期使用易導(dǎo)致灰霉病菌產(chǎn)生抗藥性等問題?？顾幮砸坏┊a(chǎn)生病菌對(duì)藥劑的敏感性下降，防治效果隨之降低。檢測(cè)病原菌抗藥性產(chǎn)生是植物病害防治的重要內(nèi)容[3]。已有研究表明，灰葡萄孢對(duì)腐霉利、嘧霉胺、嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、異菌脲、多菌靈、乙霉威等已產(chǎn)生不同程度的抗藥性[4-11]。

氯氟醚菌唑是由巴斯夫公司2016年開發(fā)的異丙醇三唑類殺菌劑，陸續(xù)在北美洲、歐洲和我國(guó)獲得登記使用，用于防治多種作物的葉斑病和灰霉病等[12-16]。Li et al.[17]已建立了來自草莓、蕓豆、番茄和黃瓜上的灰葡萄孢病菌對(duì)氯氟醚菌唑的敏感基線，氯氟醚菌唑處理黃瓜灰葡萄孢后可導(dǎo)致菌絲分支增加，麥角甾醇含量降低，細(xì)胞膜通透性發(fā)生變化，在離體情況下，200 mg/L氯氟醚菌唑?qū)S瓜灰霉病的預(yù)防效果可達(dá)100%，治療效果為72.7%，防治效果較好，且證實(shí)氯氟醚菌唑與戊唑醇、苯醚甲環(huán)唑、腈菌唑、己唑醇、三唑酮、氟哇唑、氯啶菌酯之間無交互抗性。

關(guān)于人參灰葡萄孢對(duì)氯氟醚菌唑抗性情況未見報(bào)道。……