○夏秀琳
讀和寫作為英語“聽、說、讀、看、寫”五會技能的高階體現,在小學階段具有舉足輕重的作用。《義務教育英語課程標準(2022年版)》二級學業質量標準關于“讀”和“寫”是這樣描述的:能夠借助圖片、上下文線索嘗試推測語篇中生詞的含義;在閱讀相關主題的語篇材料時,能梳理人物、場景、情節等信息,獨立思考,提出個人見解;能圍繞相關主題與他人交流,表達自己的情感、態度和觀點,基本達到交際的目的;能用簡單的句子描述與中外文化有關的具體現象和事物,語句基本通順;能運用所學詞句講述簡單的小故事,表意基本清楚;進行書面表達時,能正確使用大小寫字母、標點符號,拼寫基本正確等。
“雙減”政策下,要想達到以上讀寫目標,需要教師依托教材文本,采用科學方法,實施有效策略,激發學生讀寫興趣的同時,讓學生穩步提高讀寫能力。本文將結合人教版小學英語高年級下冊教材的讀寫板塊,針對當前讀寫課存在的導入無趣味、閱讀質量不達標、指導不到位、策略有缺失等問題,分析讀寫教學中存在的典型問題,并探討其解決方案。
教 學內 容:Whose dog is it?B Read and write讀前導入環節
T:(出示課本插圖)Look at the pictures and say.
S1:The dog is climbing.
S2:The rabbits are jumping…
T:Right!What are birds doing?
S3:They are flying.
T:Look!I’m flying like a bird.Can you?
Ss:Yes.(學生邊說邊做。)
T:Good job!Can Robin fly like a bird?Please open your books.Let’s readRobin at the zoo.
片段中,教師運用看圖說話的方式引入讀寫課教學,并用邊說邊做的形式,提前滲透了將要閱讀的文本主句I’m doing like a...并以此來引入主話題。看似一切行云流水,直奔主題,但卻忽視了一點,就是趣味的重要性。首先,教材原圖的呈現缺少新鮮感;其次,大多采用了一問一答的方式,單一乏味;最后,教師直接拋出主題,缺少深層引導。
T:(播放視頻)Let’s sing a songWalking,Walking,okay?
Ss:OK!(學生邊做動作邊跟唱。)
T:(畫面停在下圖三個小動物上,教師做相應的動作。)It’s a lovely song.Look!I’m looking at a pig.I’m walking like a pig.What about you?

S1:I’m looking at a rabbit.I’m walking like a rabbit.
S2:I’m looking at a cat.I’m walking like a cat.
T:No,no,no.We are looking at three children.They’re walking like animals.They love animals.Do you love animals?
Ss:Yes!
T:Robin loves,too.So can you guess where Robin is?
Ss:Zoo!
T:(板書課題)Right!Robin at the zoo.
減負不減趣。重構片段中,教師利用與本節課重點詞句相關的歌曲和學生一起邊唱邊做動作,在引導中滲透愛護動物主題,從而使學生輕松進入文本的學習。
教學內容:How tall are you?B Read and write讀中解文環節
T:Wu Yifan has a story to tell Robin.Who is in the story?What are they doing?Please read and answer.(學生自讀故事后)OK.Who is in the story?
S1:Little Duck and Old Tree.
T:Do you agree?
Ss:Yes.
T:What are they doing?
……
T:What is Little Duck doing?
S2:He is watching the sun go down.
T:What is Old Tree doing?Let’s listen and repeat.
教師的問題零散,沒有一定的層次性、指向性和目的性,師不追問“why”,生不思考“reason”,學生只能照本宣科式地進行作答,缺少對文本故事的整體理解和深層思考,不利于學生概括、推理等能力以及批判性思維的培養。此外,閱讀課一沒有扎實讀,二無閱讀策略指導,學生無法掌握讀寫技巧。
T:Spring is so beautiful.Wu Yifan and his family are going on a trip to the countryside.Wu Yifan has a story to tell Robin.Who is in the story?Read quickly and answer.Begin!(PPT出現10秒倒計時,時間到。)
Ss:Little Duck and Old Tree.

T:Right!Now let’s read again and try to finish“Read and circle”of Page 9.Circle the new words and try to understand them.(教師引導學生根據上下文猜測詞意,鼓勵學生運用自然拼讀法讀出生詞。)Now who’d like to try?No.1.
S1:I choose A.Little duck’s shadow.
T:Why?
S2:Because Little Duck finds his shadow’s change.
T:Do you agree,class?
Ss:Yes!
T:You’re so smart.Please write down the title.Pay attention to the rules and your handwriting.
(教師巡回指導、糾正、強調書寫規則,優秀作品進行展示。)
T:Read the story again and finish the dialogue.
(引導學生運用找關鍵詞句、聯系上下文分析等閱讀策略進行閱讀理解。)
……
本環節中教師在學生讀文理解過程中適時滲透閱讀策略,引導學生自己理解生詞,指導學生關注書寫,準確高效完成閱讀任務;聽音模仿中,教師提醒學生認真聽、注意原聲語音語調的同時,養成做聽讀標記的好習慣,學生的“聽”不再流于形式,學生的“讀”才能保質保量。
教學內容:Where did you go?B Read and write讀后寫作環節
T:Wu Yifan’s family had a bad but also good day.Did you have a day like that?
Ss:Yes!
T:Well,talk about it in your group.
(學生分組討論。)
T:Who’d like to share your bad but good day?
S1:I had a bad but good day.Yesterday I fell off my bike and broke my leg.I stayed at home all day.But…
T:Well done!Now turn to Page 29.Let’s try to write.You can write it after class.
上述教學片段中,教師按部就班,先議后說,說后再寫。但由于說前任務布置不夠具體,目標不夠明確,學生在小組研討時缺少抓手,行進緩慢,尤其對于基礎不牢、缺少自信的學生來說,更加難于開口,這樣就導致寫作環節時間緊張,課上不足只能課下完成了。
T:Did you have a bad but also good day?
Ss:Yes!
T:Remember that day and try to write it like this.(出示PPT作文模板)Please read by yourselves first.What do you find?

S1:It’s a diary.
S2:Date is on the right of the top.
T:How to write the date in English?
……
T:You’re so great.Okay,now let’s write.
本片段中,教師緊跟上一環節進行文章精簡仿寫的解讀,先把需要注意的事項通過學生觀察、教師引導、師生交流的方式理順;然后趁熱打鐵,學生課上現場仿寫,教師隨即當堂指導,大大提高了學生寫的質量。