呂利軍 常艷艷 高秋明 張凱


【摘要】 膝外翻骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎在臨床治療中較膝內(nèi)翻棘手,手術(shù)難度較大,畸形逐漸加重,需行全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù),但該手術(shù)方式術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率較高,患者經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)重,多為終末期治療方案,影響患者預(yù)后,因此研究股骨遠(yuǎn)端截骨矯形,恢復(fù)下肢力線,治療膝外翻骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎意義較為重大,然而,國(guó)內(nèi)外尚沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一治療標(biāo)準(zhǔn),存在多種治療方式,主流手術(shù)方式主要有內(nèi)側(cè)閉合截骨和外側(cè)開(kāi)放截骨術(shù),故對(duì)股骨遠(yuǎn)端截骨治療膝外翻骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎進(jìn)行全面闡述,以供臨床醫(yī)師借鑒。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 股骨遠(yuǎn)端截骨 骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎 膝外翻
Research Progress of Wedge Osteotomy of Distal Femur in the Treatment of Genu Valgus/LYU Lijun, CHANG Yanyan, GAO Qiuming, ZHANG Kai. //Medical Innovation of China, 2022, 19(18): -180
[Abstract] In clinical treatment, valgus osteoarthritis is more difficult than varus osteoarthritis, the operation is more difficult, its deformity is getting worse, so total knee replacement is needed. However, the incidence of postoperative complications is higher and the economic burden of patients is heavy, and most of them are end-stage treatment schemes, which affects the prognosis of patients. Therefore, it is of great significance to study osteotomy and correction of distal femur, restore the force line of lower limbs and treat valgus osteoarthritis. However, there is no unified treatment standard at home and abroad, and there are many treatment methods. The mainstream surgical methods mainly include medial closed osteotomy and lateral open osteotomy. Therefore, the treatment of knee valgus osteoarthritis by distal femoral osteotomy is comprehensively expounded for clinicians to use for reference.
[Key words] Osteotomy of distal femur Osteoarthritis Valgus knee
First-author’s address: The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2022.18.043
膝關(guān)節(jié)外翻畸形簡(jiǎn)稱膝外翻(genu valgum,GV),俗稱“外八字”,是指雙膝并攏并伸直,兩側(cè)內(nèi)踝不能靠攏。膝外翻治療主要包括保守治療及手術(shù)治療,沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一治療標(biāo)準(zhǔn),據(jù)2021年我國(guó)第七次人口普查核實(shí),目前我國(guó)人口老齡化嚴(yán)重[1],膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎發(fā)病率明顯升高,早期行膝關(guān)節(jié)置換手術(shù),存在假體壽命有限等問(wèn)題,為延緩膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,可考慮“保膝”治療,膝外翻是骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎較為常見(jiàn)的一種類型,該病治療過(guò)程復(fù)雜,難度較大,致殘率較高,目前股骨遠(yuǎn)端楔形截骨矯形手術(shù)已成為骨科醫(yī)師目前治療該病主流方式。
1 膝外翻的概況
1.1 膝外翻的成因 膝外翻可能有原發(fā)性或繼發(fā)性改變,主要是骨性或軟組織結(jié)構(gòu)存在解剖缺陷,使得內(nèi)側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)處于松弛、外側(cè)處于緊張狀態(tài),這種病理改變將導(dǎo)致膝關(guān)節(jié)不穩(wěn)定,引起下肢力線發(fā)現(xiàn)改變,從而出現(xiàn)膝關(guān)節(jié)外翻畸形[2-4]。……