呂利軍 常艷艷 高秋明 張凱


【摘要】 膝外翻骨性關節炎在臨床治療中較膝內翻棘手,手術難度較大,畸形逐漸加重,需行全膝關節置換術,但該手術方式術后并發癥發生率較高,患者經濟負擔重,多為終末期治療方案,影響患者預后,因此研究股骨遠端截骨矯形,恢復下肢力線,治療膝外翻骨性關節炎意義較為重大,然而,國內外尚沒有統一治療標準,存在多種治療方式,主流手術方式主要有內側閉合截骨和外側開放截骨術,故對股骨遠端截骨治療膝外翻骨性關節炎進行全面闡述,以供臨床醫師借鑒。
【關鍵詞】 股骨遠端截骨 骨性關節炎 膝外翻
Research Progress of Wedge Osteotomy of Distal Femur in the Treatment of Genu Valgus/LYU Lijun, CHANG Yanyan, GAO Qiuming, ZHANG Kai. //Medical Innovation of China, 2022, 19(18): -180
[Abstract] In clinical treatment, valgus osteoarthritis is more difficult than varus osteoarthritis, the operation is more difficult, its deformity is getting worse, so total knee replacement is needed. However, the incidence of postoperative complications is higher and the economic burden of patients is heavy, and most of them are end-stage treatment schemes, which affects the prognosis of patients. Therefore, it is of great significance to study osteotomy and correction of distal femur, restore the force line of lower limbs and treat valgus osteoarthritis. However, there is no unified treatment standard at home and abroad, and there are many treatment methods. The mainstream surgical methods mainly include medial closed osteotomy and lateral open osteotomy. Therefore, the treatment of knee valgus osteoarthritis by distal femoral osteotomy is comprehensively expounded for clinicians to use for reference.
[Key words] Osteotomy of distal femur Osteoarthritis Valgus knee
First-author’s address: The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2022.18.043
膝關節外翻畸形簡稱膝外翻(genu valgum,GV),俗稱“外八字”,是指雙膝并攏并伸直,兩側內踝不能靠攏。膝外翻治療主要包括保守治療及手術治療,沒有統一治療標準,據2021年我國第七次人口普查核實,目前我國人口老齡化嚴重[1],膝關節骨性關節炎發病率明顯升高,早期行膝關節置換手術,存在假體壽命有限等問題,為延緩膝關節骨性關節炎進一步發展,可考慮“保膝”治療,膝外翻是骨性關節炎較為常見的一種類型,該病治療過程復雜,難度較大,致殘率較高,目前股骨遠端楔形截骨矯形手術已成為骨科醫師目前治療該病主流方式。
1 膝外翻的概況
1.1 膝外翻的成因 膝外翻可能有原發性或繼發性改變,主要是骨性或軟組織結構存在解剖缺陷,使得內側結構處于松弛、外側處于緊張狀態,這種病理改變將導致膝關節不穩定,引起下肢力線發現改變,從而出現膝關節外翻畸形[2-4]。……