隱喻與中醫理論創新

黃雄杰 肖卓然 賈春華 賴敏 劉慶華

摘要 隱喻通過熟悉的、已知的“始源域”來認知不熟悉、未知的“目標域”，是人類的一種基本的認知思維模式，其在自然科學和社會科學的創新中發揮著重要的作用。在自然語言中，隱喻無處不在，傳統中醫概念與理論是以天文、地理、人事等為“始源域”，投射到“目標域”人體，而構建起來的基于隱喻認知的理論。隨著現代醫學的飛速發展，當代中醫將面臨許多中醫學從未發現或意識到的人體生命現象與臨床問題，現象需要解釋，問題需要解決，二者都需要理論創新。隱喻蘊含的類比創新屬性和中醫學的隱喻認知特點，共同決定了當代中醫理論創新仍然需要隱喻作為重要的科學探究模式與解釋方法論。

關鍵詞 創新;隱喻;中醫理論;取象比類;中醫思維;理論創新;腫瘤

Metaphor in the Theoretical Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine

HUANG Xiongjie1，2，XIAO Zhuoran1，JIA Chunhua1，LAI Min1，LIU Qinghua1

（1 School of Chinese Materia Medica，Beijing University of Chinese Medicine，Beijing 100029，China; 2 Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Xinjiang Medical University，Urumchi 830000，China）

Abstract Metaphor is a basic cognitive thinking mode of human beings to recognize unfamiliar and unknown “target domains” through familiar and known “source domains”，which plays an important role in the innovation of natural and social sciences.Metaphor is everywhere in natural language.The concepts and theories of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） are based on metaphor cognition by projecting astronomy，geography，social fields，and other source domains to the target domain，the human body.With the rapid development of modern medicine，contemporary TCM faces many unprecedented or unrealized human life phenomena and clinical problems.The phenomena need to be explained and the problems need to be solved，both of which require theoretical innovation.The attributes of analogy and innovation contained in metaphor and the cognitive characteristics of metaphor in TCM together determine the fact that modern theoretical innovation of TCM still needs metaphor as an important mode of scientific exploration and interpretation methodology.

Keywords Innovation; Metaphor; Theory of traditional Chinese medicine; Classification according to manifestation; Traditional Chinese medicine thinking; Theoretical innovation; Tumor

中圖分類號：R22文獻標識碼：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2022.10.012

隱喻不僅是自然語言中一種普遍的修辭現象，還是認識世界的一種思維方式。通過熟悉的、已知的、具體的“始源域”來認知不熟悉、未知的、抽象的“目標域”的這個認知過程是隱喻的核心。不論是自然科學還是社會科學的創新與發展，都是從已知向未知的探索，隱喻認知常常帶來關鍵性的啟示與靈感。隱喻無處不在，中醫學概念與理論是以天文、地理、人事等為“始源域”投射到“目標域”人體而構建起來的基于隱喻認知的理論。在西方醫學沒有全面進入中國醫療體系之前，中醫學是以傳統的認知模式進行理論創新與發展，之后，中醫學與西醫學成為中國的二大主要醫療體系。……