金紋細蛾幼蟲在隴東蘋果樹冠層的空間分布研究

牛軍強 董鐵 尹曉寧 劉興祿 孫文泰 馬明

摘要：為掌握金紋細蛾幼蟲在蘋果樹冠層不同部位的發生規律，為科學防治提供技術支持。以長富2號10年生富士蘋果園為研究對象，通過對不同時期金紋細蛾幼蟲發生規律、樹冠分布特征和集聚性分析，研究了隴東金紋細蛾幼蟲在蘋果樹冠上的空間分布結構。結果發現，金紋細蛾幼蟲1 a發生5代。在世代重疊現象和蘋果生長期藥劑防控的雙重影響下，第2代以后各世代之間未出現明顯的高峰，在9月上旬之前幼蟲數量雖有增長，但增長非常緩慢，而進入9月下旬之后越冬代數量成倍數驟增。從幼蟲在樹冠上的空間分布看，存在東向和北向>南向和西向、下部 > 上部、內膛 > 外圍的趨勢，但是在統計學上卻沒有顯著差異;幼蟲在蘋果樹冠中的分布呈一定的聚集性分布，但聚集度比較小。在前期防控的基礎上，加強9月下旬以后的防控，是減少翌年蟲源的關鍵。藥劑防控中，在保證樹冠全方位防控的同時，樹冠下部、內膛、南向和西向為重點防控的空間部位。

關鍵詞：蘋果;金紋細蛾;幼蟲;時間動態;空間分布;集聚性

中圖分類號：S436.611? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻標志碼：A? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號：1001-1463（2022）09-0072-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2022.09.017

Spatial Distribution of the Larvae of Lithocolletis ringoniella Mats in the Canopy of Apple Trees in Eastern Gansu

NIU Junqiang， DONG Tie， YIN Xiaoning， LIU Xinglu， SUN Wentai， MA Ming

（Institute of Forestry， Fruits and Floriculture， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Lanzhou Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract： To understand the occurrence regularity of the larvae of Lithocolletis ringoniella Mats in different parts of apple tree canopy and to provide the technical support for the scientific prevention and control， 10-year-old Fuji apple orchards were taken as the research object in this study， by analyzing the occurrence regularity， canopy distribution characteristics and agglomeration of larvae of Lithocolletis ringoniella Mats in different periods， the spatial distribution structure of larvae in the apple tree canopy in Longdong area was studied. The results showed that the larvae had five generations a year. Since the growth period of apples is affected by intergenerational overlap and pesticide control， after 2 generations， there was no obvious peak of occurrence between generations. Before the beginning of September， although the number of larvae increased， the growth was very slow， and the number of overwintering generations increased exponentially by the end of September. From the spatial distribution of larvae in the canopy， a trend of east and north > south and west， lower > upper， and inner hall > outer was detected， but no statistically significant difference existed. The distribution of larvae in apple canopy showed a certain aggregation distribution， but the aggregation degree was relatively small. Therefore， it was suggested that on the basis of the previous prevention and control， strengthening the prevention and control after late September was the key to reduce the source of insects in the following year. In terms of the chemical prevention and control， while ensuring the comprehensive prevention and control of the tree canopy， the lower part of the tree canopy， the inner hall， the south， and the west are the key space parts for prevention and control.

Key words： Apple; Lithocolletis ringoniella Mats; Larvae; Time dynamic; Spatial distribution; Agglomeration

金紋細蛾（Lithocolletis ringoniella Mats）屬鱗翅目細蛾科，為危害蘋果葉片的主要害蟲之一。幼蟲潛食蘋果葉片之中，取食葉肉，并在葉片上形成大量泡囊狀的蟲斑。大量發生時，致使葉片損傷嚴重，導致葉片光合能力受阻，葉片過早脫落，不但影響當年的果實產量和品質，而且還影響第2年的花芽形成[1 - 3 ]。隨著菊酯類藥……