陳志剛 支金虎 孫會東



摘要:玉米在糧食生產中占有極為重要的地位。為進一步研究玉米品種(系)的適應性,篩選出適應大面積種植的玉米品種(系),在90 000株/hm2的種植密度下,運用聚類分析、相關性分析等方法對13個玉米品種(系)的農藝性狀及產量構成要素進行了分析。結果表明,甘肅農業大學應用技術學院正在選育研究中的玉米品種T7穗葉夾角和葉面積低于平均值19.24%、3.93%,表現株型緊湊。T7、T6的產量高于平均值8.25%、7.85%,這2個品種(系)群體增產效果明顯,可在該區域作為主導玉米品種種植。
關鍵詞:玉米;品種(系);主要性狀;產量
中圖分類號:S513? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標志碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號:1001-1463(2022)09-0028-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2022.09.007
Study on the Analysis of Main Traits in Maize Varieties (Lines)
CHEN Zhigang 1, 2, 3, 4, ZHI Jinhu 1, 2, 3, SUN Huidong 4
(1. College of Agonomy, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China; 2. Collaborative Innovation? Centre of Eco-agriculture Around Tarim Basin, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China; 3. The Research Centre of Oasis Agriculurces and Environment in Sourthern Xinjiang, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China; 4. Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China)
Abstract: Maize occupies a crucial position in grain production. To further study the adaptability of maize varieties (lines) and to screen maize varieties(lines) suitable for large-scale planting, under the planting density of 90 000 plant/ha, cluster analysis and correlation analysis were applied to analyze the agronomic traits and yield components of 13 maize varieties(lines). Results showed that ear leaf angle and leaf area in T7, which is carrently under the breeding progress of College of Applied Technology, Gansu Agricrltural University,? were 19.24% and 3.93% lowed compared with the mean values, respectively, indicating a compact plant type. Yield data in T7 and T6 were 8.25% and 7.85% higher compared with the mean values, respectively indicating significant increases in yield, which are regarded as the suitable varieties (lines) in this area.
Key words: Maize; Variety (line); Main trait; Yield
玉米(Zea mays L.)起源于美洲,兼有糧食、飼料和經濟作物于一體的特點,在我國農業生產和國民經濟中占有重要地位[1 ]。玉米作為我國糧食戰略儲備的重要資源,播種面積已超過小麥和水稻,成為我國第一大糧食作物,在我國糧食生產中發揮著十分重要的作用[2 ]。據預測,到2050年,全球范圍內谷物產量增加56%以上才能滿足社會需要,其中45%將依靠玉米增產實現[3 - 4 ],因此有效提高玉米產量對我國糧食安全生產具有重要意義[5 ]。
玉米的單位面積籽粒產量是株數與單株產量之積,其中穗數、穗粒數及百粒重是產量構成主要因素。依據區域氣候特點選擇適宜品種,使群體和個體協調發展,優化產量構成三要素配比,實現協調生長以提高單位產量,是玉米育種的目標[6 - 7 ]。生物技術的發展使玉米新品種越來越多,不同品種對生長環境要求不同,品種選擇、密植、田間管理影響玉米產量和品質,其中品種選擇尤為重要[8 - 9 ]。……