李傳魯,王兵,彭兵,單陣,劉敏,榮維生
摘要:桃樹主干形樹體呈三級結(jié)構(gòu),為主干—主枝—結(jié)果枝。1 a生主干形整形修剪,主要任務(wù)是培養(yǎng)健壯的中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干和主枝;2 a生主干形整形修剪,主要任務(wù)是繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)粗壯直立的中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干,增加主枝數(shù)量,培養(yǎng)結(jié)果枝;3 a及多年生主干形整形修剪,主要任務(wù)是保持主干優(yōu)勢,更新結(jié)果枝組。主干形具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、通風(fēng)透光良好、成形快、結(jié)果早、優(yōu)質(zhì)豐產(chǎn)等優(yōu)點,是現(xiàn)代化桃園建設(shè)中深受果農(nóng)歡迎的一種樹形。
關(guān)鍵詞:主干形;結(jié)果枝組;整形修剪
文章編號:2096-8108(2022)01-0036-04中圖分類號:S662.1文獻標識碼:A
High Light Efficiency Pruning Technqiue of Peach with Main Trunk Shape
LI Chuanlu1,WANG Bing1, PENG Bing1,SAHN Zhen1,LIU Min1,RONG Weisheng2
(1.Feicheng Peach Industry Development Center of Feicheng City, Shandong Province,F(xiàn)eicheng 271600,China;
2.Yiyang Street, Feicheng City, Shandong Province, Feicheng 271600,China)
Abstract:Peach Tree with maintrunk shape has three-level structure, main trunk-main branch-fruit branch. The main task shaping and pruning of 1-year-old peach tree with trunkshape is to cultivate main trunk and main branches; the main task shaping and pruning of 2-year-old peach tree with maintrunk shape is to continue to cultivate strong and upright main trunk, increase the number of main branches and cultivate fruiting branches ; the main task of 3-year and perennial trunk pruning is to maintain the trunk advantage and update the fruiting branch group. The trunk shape has the advantages of simple structure, good ventilation and light transmittance, fast forming, early results, high quality and high yield. It is a popular tree shape in the construction of modern peach orchard.
Keywords:trunk; fruit-bearing branch group; pruning
主干形具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、通風(fēng)透光良好、成形快、結(jié)果早、優(yōu)質(zhì)豐產(chǎn)等優(yōu)點,而且修剪簡單易學(xué),寬行密植,適宜機械化作業(yè),省工省力,是現(xiàn)代化桃園建設(shè)中深受果農(nóng)歡迎的一種樹形。根據(jù)多年在生產(chǎn)管理中的試驗探索,現(xiàn)將桃樹主干形修剪技術(shù)要點總結(jié)如下。
1桃樹主干形樹體結(jié)構(gòu)特點
寬行密植,株行距(1.5~2) m×(4~5) m。樹體呈三級結(jié)構(gòu),主干—主枝—結(jié)果枝。主干高50~60 cm,中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干粗狀直立,樹高2.5~3 m,上小下大,上窄下寬,外形似雪松狀,樹冠下部最大冠徑1~2 m。中心干上直接著生30~50個小結(jié)果枝組,每個結(jié)果枝組上著生1~2個結(jié)果枝,結(jié)果枝角度70°~90°,呈螺旋式交錯均勻分布,無層無側(cè),20 cm內(nèi)東西南北4個方向分布4~5個主枝,同方向主枝距離為40~50 cm。干枝比為(5~7)1,保持中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干的絕對優(yōu)勢。成齡樹單株冬剪后結(jié)果枝留量為80~100個,每個果枝大型果留1個,小型果留2個,每畝(667 m2)產(chǎn)量保持在2 500~3 000 kg,大型果留果量5 000~6 000個,小型果留果量10 000~12 000個。……