李傳魯,王兵,彭兵,單陣,劉敏,榮維生
摘要:桃樹主干形樹體呈三級結構,為主干—主枝—結果枝。1 a生主干形整形修剪,主要任務是培養健壯的中央領導干和主枝;2 a生主干形整形修剪,主要任務是繼續培養粗壯直立的中央領導干,增加主枝數量,培養結果枝;3 a及多年生主干形整形修剪,主要任務是保持主干優勢,更新結果枝組。主干形具有結構簡單、通風透光良好、成形快、結果早、優質豐產等優點,是現代化桃園建設中深受果農歡迎的一種樹形。
關鍵詞:主干形;結果枝組;整形修剪
文章編號:2096-8108(2022)01-0036-04中圖分類號:S662.1文獻標識碼:A
High Light Efficiency Pruning Technqiue of Peach with Main Trunk Shape
LI Chuanlu1,WANG Bing1, PENG Bing1,SAHN Zhen1,LIU Min1,RONG Weisheng2
(1.Feicheng Peach Industry Development Center of Feicheng City, Shandong Province,Feicheng 271600,China;
2.Yiyang Street, Feicheng City, Shandong Province, Feicheng 271600,China)
Abstract:Peach Tree with maintrunk shape has three-level structure, main trunk-main branch-fruit branch. The main task shaping and pruning of 1-year-old peach tree with trunkshape is to cultivate main trunk and main branches; the main task shaping and pruning of 2-year-old peach tree with maintrunk shape is to continue to cultivate strong and upright main trunk, increase the number of main branches and cultivate fruiting branches ; the main task of 3-year and perennial trunk pruning is to maintain the trunk advantage and update the fruiting branch group. The trunk shape has the advantages of simple structure, good ventilation and light transmittance, fast forming, early results, high quality and high yield. It is a popular tree shape in the construction of modern peach orchard.
Keywords:trunk; fruit-bearing branch group; pruning
主干形具有結構簡單、通風透光良好、成形快、結果早、優質豐產等優點,而且修剪簡單易學,寬行密植,適宜機械化作業,省工省力,是現代化桃園建設中深受果農歡迎的一種樹形。根據多年在生產管理中的試驗探索,現將桃樹主干形修剪技術要點總結如下。
1桃樹主干形樹體結構特點
寬行密植,株行距(1.5~2) m×(4~5) m。樹體呈三級結構,主干—主枝—結果枝。主干高50~60 cm,中央領導干粗狀直立,樹高2.5~3 m,上小下大,上窄下寬,外形似雪松狀,樹冠下部最大冠徑1~2 m。中心干上直接著生30~50個小結果枝組,每個結果枝組上著生1~2個結果枝,結果枝角度70°~90°,呈螺旋式交錯均勻分布,無層無側,20 cm內東西南北4個方向分布4~5個主枝,同方向主枝距離為40~50 cm。干枝比為(5~7)1,保持中央領導干的絕對優勢。成齡樹單株冬剪后結果枝留量為80~100個,每個果枝大型果留1個,小型果留2個,每畝(667 m2)產量保持在2 500~3 000 kg,大型果留果量5 000~6 000個,小型果留果量10 000~12 000個。……