棫園，藏在山城步道里的文藝印記

劉丁睿

Chongqing was called Jiangzhou City and then Chongqing Prefecture about 3，000 years and 800 years ago respectively. Its time-honored history and culture write a book of unique culture and civilization， and Yuyuan （literally Yu Garden）， situated in Zhangjia Garden Footpath in Yuzhong District， stands out to be the brightest chapter.

Stepping on the flagging stairs and strolling in tortuous trails， visitors could indulge themselves in the time-honored architectures serving as the carriers of history including Yuyuan， the old gate of Bashu School， former site of Sino-France School， and “Red Army Dormitory”.

Located in No.65 Zhangjia Garden， Yuyuan stands between Zhong Shan No.2 Road and Jialingjiang Binjiang Road. “棫園”， traditional Chinese characters of Yuyuan， are presented against black bricks whose seams are filled with lime powder. It was the old site of the student dormitory of Bashu School， and used to be rent to China Literature and Art Association for the War against Japanese Aggression （Literature and Art Association for short） founded by Zhou Enlai， Sun Fo and Chen Lifu in 1938. Introduction carved on the stone wall says： The Literature and Art Association was established on March 27th， 1938 in Wuhan city， and was then moved to Chongqing in August before Wuhan was conquered. That was the beginning of the fascinating stories of the Association in Chongqing.

To our knowledge， the Association played an important role in forming the united literature and art front to consolidate Chinese people’s faith. Apart from the General Association， it has established branches in Chengdu， Kunming， Guiyang， Guilin， Yan’an， Xi’an， Xinjiang， Xiangfan， Changsha， Qujiang of Guangdong， and Hong Kong.

The Association spent 8 years in Chongqing and held 7 annual meetings where members reported relevant affairs， re-elected directors and discussed guiding issues of literature and art. The well-known slogan of “eradicating three-inch golden lotuses”， which is woman’s bound feet in the feudal age， was advocated in Chongqing for the first time. Meanwhile， the organization also formed Author’s Delegation for Visiting the Battle Field， upheld events to commemorate litterateurs like Lu Xun and Marxim Gorky， and edited and published its journal with wide circulation called Art and Literature for the War against Japanese Aggressions. The uplifting voice they made encouraged numerous young people to devote themselves to save the war-torn Chongqing. Thanks to the contribution of a number of writers， poets， dramatists and historians， culture of Chongqing flourished unprecedentedly. All the stories are hidden behind the brick walls， recording the old days when Chongqing was tiding over adversities.

On Oct. 21st ， 1945， after China won the War， the Association was renamed as “China Literary and Art Association”. Its headquarters was relocated to Shanghai. The Yuyuan then became the site of Chongqing branch. In 2004， the government of Yuzhong District built Mountain City Footpath and redesigned the old communities to improve people’s living environment， and renovated and kept the gate and walls of Yuyuan.

Looking at those familiar faces depicted on the moss-spotted rocks while halting outside the Yuyuan， visitors seemed to see the picture of literary figures saving country with their pens： Lao She in a gown， Bing Xin in cheongsam， Mao Dun， Ba Jin， Hu Feng， Zhu Ziqing， Ding Ling， Tian Han， etc.

Currently， a three-meter high and one-meter wide stone gate stays there alone as a witness of the history. Without cheerful voice from arduous hard-working like the old days， Yuyuan now embraces elegant simplicity and grace endowed by time. All bricks and tiles are marked by history. The old buildings are surrounded by green rattan， and cement walls are mottled with moss. Among the lofty White Figs， the narrow alley is winding along， telling the bygone stories to all visitors.

3000年江州城，800年重慶府。城市深厚的歷史底蘊(yùn)，孕育出獨(dú)特的人文畫卷，位于渝中區(qū)張家花園山城步道上的棫園，便是其中一幅。

蜿蜒向上的張家花園山城步道，大條石砌成的石梯延伸出各種拐角，棫園、巴蜀中學(xué)舊址、中法學(xué)校舊址、“紅軍樓”，這些承載著城市歷史的建筑串聯(lián)，山城記憶就這樣不經(jīng)意地在街巷梯道間展開。

棫園位于張家花園65號(hào)，上接中山二路，下接嘉濱路。在青磚為墻、白灰勾縫的院門上方寫著兩個(gè)繁體字：棫園。這里是原巴蜀中學(xué)宿舍，1938年租借給由周恩來(lái)、孫科、陳立夫成立的中華全國(guó)文藝界抗敵協(xié)會(huì)（簡(jiǎn)稱“文協(xié)”）使用。刻在石墻上已經(jīng)斑駁的文字這樣介紹：“中華全國(guó)文藝界抗敵協(xié)會(huì)于1938年3月27日成立于武漢，同年8月武漢失陷前期，遷至重慶。”這就是文協(xié)與重慶的開端。

據(jù)了解，文協(xié)是抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期中國(guó)文藝界最廣泛的統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線組織，起著“統(tǒng)一文藝陣線，鞏固精神國(guó)防”的作用。文協(xié)除總會(huì)外，先后成立了成都分會(huì)、昆明分會(huì)、貴陽(yáng)分會(huì)、桂林分會(huì)、延安分會(huì)、西安分會(huì)、新疆分會(huì)、襄樊分會(huì)、長(zhǎng)沙分會(huì)、廣東曲江分會(huì)、香港分會(huì)。

在重慶的8年間，文協(xié)舉辦了7次年會(huì)，報(bào)告會(huì)務(wù)、改選理事，研討帶有導(dǎo)向性的文藝問(wèn)題等，著名的“掃除三寸金蓮主義高跟鞋主義”的口號(hào)就是在這里提出的。同時(shí)，還多次組織作家戰(zhàn)地訪問(wèn)團(tuán)，舉辦“魯迅紀(jì)念會(huì)”“高爾基紀(jì)念會(huì)”等多種紀(jì)念活動(dòng)，編輯出版大型《抗戰(zhàn)文藝》會(huì)刊。在這里，一次次激揚(yáng)的吶喊，感召了無(wú)數(shù)青年人投入革命戰(zhàn)時(shí)的重慶。正因?yàn)橛兄鵁o(wú)數(shù)的作家、詩(shī)人、戲劇家、史學(xué)家的加入，才使得重慶的人文氛圍空前，而這些璀璨的歷史，全都掩藏在這小小的磚墻背后，掩藏在那些看似不堪風(fēng)雨的日子里。

抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利后，1945年10月21日，中華全國(guó)文藝界抗敵協(xié)會(huì)更名為“中華全國(guó)文藝界協(xié)會(huì)”，同期會(huì)址改設(shè)上海。重慶成立分會(huì)，棫園便成為分會(huì)會(huì)址。2004年渝中區(qū)政府修建山城步道，打造特色老社區(qū)改善居民居住環(huán)境，修繕并僅保存了棫園的院門及墻體。

駐足在棫園的墻外，看著斑駁苔痕石畫上那些熟悉的面孔，眼前不由得出現(xiàn)身著長(zhǎng)衫的老舍、穿旗袍的冰心，以及茅盾、巴金、胡風(fēng)、朱自清、丁玲、田漢等精英大家“文藝救國(guó)”的畫面……

如今這里，僅剩下一扇高約3米、寬約1米的小石門，作為那段歷史的見(jiàn)證。雖少了激揚(yáng)和奮斗的聲音，卻多了時(shí)間沉淀下來(lái)的古樸與柔美，每一磚一瓦都被刻上歲月的烙印。老房子已爬滿青藤，泥水墻已經(jīng)斑駁，黃葛樹也已參天在低矮的磚木房子中間，唯有眼前窄窄的小巷還在一直蜿蜒向前……