日本“女兒節(jié)”白象街上漫風(fēng)情

劉丁睿

On the third day of March， girls’ rosy cheeks beam with smiles sipping peach blossom wine. March 3rd is Hinamatsuri （Japanese Doll’s Day）. What is the origin of this day？ What are the folk cultures behind it？ This year， on the eve of Hinamatsuri， Japanese Consulate-General in Chongqing joined hands with the Association for the Promotion of Traditional Craft Industries （DENSAN）， to hold a special event on Japanese Hinaningyo （Dolls）. The event will be held at AOYAMA SQUARE on Baixiang Road in Yuzhong District， exuding the unique charm of Japanese traditional festival to the people in Chongqing.

Hinamatsuri is one of the five traditional folk festivals in Japan. It has another name called Peach Blossom Day as it takes place when peach flowers are in full bloom in Japan. At the time of the year， families with daughters will place appealing and exquisitely made palace dolls in gorgeous shape in their living room， so as to bless healthy growing up， peace and happiness to their daughters.

Takada Mari， Japanese Consul-General in Chongqing said， “The meaning of gentleness is embedded in the festival. I am glad to spend this day with friends in Chongqing. And I also would like to take this opportunity to let you further understand Japanese traditional culture， and to narrow the distance between us through cultural exchanges.”

At AOYAMA SQUARE， our reporter saw a wide variety of traditional Japanese handicrafts such as Edo woodcut prints， Wasaka lacquerware， Satsuma pottery， and Toyohashi pen. Among them， the most eye-catching one is a set of doll kit for display only.

It is introduced that the kit consists of 15 exquisitely made dolls that are placed in orders from top to bottom. In front of a golden screen on the top order， there are two gorgeously dressed dolls， and they are the emperor in Japanese court dress with belted crown， and the empress in twelve layers of clothes. Then， three palace maids stand on the second order， each in postures of holding the wine， holding the wine glass and holding the pot. You can see five musicians who are playing the music on the third， and two attendants on the fourth order， namely right minister and left minister. Next， on the fifth order stand three footmen with different cleaning tools. Lastly， on the sixth and seventh order， some dowry furniture and sedan chairs brought by the empress from her natal family are displayed， while the multi-layered box in the middle implies the elders’ hope for their daughters to always have abundant food.

What is worth mentioning is the fabrics of the clothes. Most fabrics used for the dolls are fabrics for making Kimono （traditional Japanese clothes）. For example， Japanese high-end fabrics such as Nishijin-ori， Saga Nishiki and other fabrics are used， and there is even a long-established craft workshop to make the dolls. The fabric of Kimono worn by the doll emperor and empress on the first order is exactly the same as that of the real Japanese emperor and empress in the history. A small doll not only embodies the spirit of Japanese craftsmanship， but also displays the unique charm of Japanese culture.

During Hinamatsuri， in addition to placing doll altars in Japanese families， mothers will also prepare delicious dishes such as Temari sushi and clam soup to entertain the relatives and friends who come to celebrate the festival. At AOYAMA SQUARE， there are also special tasting sessions of “Amazake” （Japanese sweet rice wine）， and experience classes of making Japanese confectionery， such as Japanese Wagashi and Daifuku. Under the professional guidance of the teacher， everyone carefully observes and attentively makes the confectionery through processes including kneading， pressing and shaping， thus experiencing a strong Japanese style.

三月三，細(xì)飲桃花酒，笑凝桃臉開。每年3月3日是日本“女兒節(jié)”，這個(gè)節(jié)日有何來(lái)歷？又有哪些民俗文化？今年“女兒節(jié)”前夕，日本駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館和一般財(cái)團(tuán)法人傳統(tǒng)工藝品產(chǎn)業(yè)振興協(xié)會(huì)，在重慶渝中區(qū)白象街青山SQUARE舉辦日本雛人形特別活動(dòng)，向重慶市民展現(xiàn)這個(gè)日本傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的獨(dú)特風(fēng)情。

“女兒節(jié)”是日本民間五大節(jié)日之一，因該時(shí)節(jié)正是日本滿山桃花盛開之時(shí)，亦稱“桃花節(jié)”。每逢此時(shí)，有女兒的家庭都會(huì)在廳前擺出做工精湛、造型華美的宮裝人偶，以此來(lái)祝福女孩健康成長(zhǎng)、平安幸福。

日本駐重慶總領(lǐng)事高田真里表示，這個(gè)節(jié)日包含著溫柔的意義，很高興與重慶的朋友共度此節(jié)，也希望借此機(jī)會(huì)，讓大家進(jìn)一步了解日本傳統(tǒng)文化，用文化拉進(jìn)彼此距離。

在青山SQUARE，記者看到琳瑯滿目的日本傳統(tǒng)工藝品，“江戶木板畫”“若狹漆器”“薩摩燒陶器”“豐橋筆”……其中，最矚目的當(dāng)屬一套僅供展示的雛人形套件。

據(jù)介紹，該套件由15個(gè)精致人偶組成，從上至下，最上階金色屏風(fēng)前，展示的是兩尊著裝華麗的人偶，分別是穿著束帶衣冠的天皇和穿著十二單衣的皇后;第二階是三名宮女，分別為手執(zhí)酒、酒杯及酒壺。第三階是演奏音樂(lè)的五人樂(lè)官;第四階是兩名隨從，即右大臣和左大臣;第五階則是三名聽差，帶著不同的打掃工具。第六階和第七階會(huì)擺放些皇后從娘家?guī)?lái)的嫁妝家具和坐轎等，中間的多層套盒寓意著長(zhǎng)輩希望女兒永遠(yuǎn)飲食充裕。

值得一提的是，這套人偶的著裝也大有來(lái)頭。據(jù)了解，其絕大部分面料均采用和服面料。比如日本高級(jí)布料“西陣織”“佐賀錦”等，甚至還有歷史悠久的雛人形工藝坊，給第一階天皇皇后人偶穿的和服與當(dāng)年真正的天皇皇后穿著的和服面料是一模一樣。一個(gè)小小人偶，不僅凝聚著日本匠人精神，更是展示了日本文化的獨(dú)特魅力。

“女兒節(jié)”期間，日本家庭除了擺放人偶祭壇，母親還將準(zhǔn)備手鞠壽司、蛤蜊湯等美味佳肴，用來(lái)款待前來(lái)賀節(jié)的親朋好友。在青山SQUARE，還特別推出了“甘酒”（日本甜米酒）試飲，日本和果子、大福等日式點(diǎn)心制作體驗(yàn)課堂。在老師的專業(yè)指導(dǎo)下，大家認(rèn)真觀摩、用心制作，揉搓、按壓、塑形，體驗(yàn)著濃濃日式風(fēng)情。

延伸閱讀

重慶青山SQUARE日本傳統(tǒng)工藝品中國(guó)直營(yíng)店，位于渝中區(qū)白象街259號(hào)。致力于展示和傳播日本傳統(tǒng)工藝文化，店內(nèi)囊括了100多種日本傳統(tǒng)工藝品，包括漆器、燒陶、和紙、錫器、金澤箔、木制品等種類。