武衛(wèi)翔 王杰華 高瞻







摘? 要: 虛擬手術(shù)系統(tǒng)在醫(yī)學(xué)中實(shí)時(shí)仿真以建立可供手術(shù)前規(guī)劃和手術(shù)時(shí)參考的虛擬環(huán)境。由于人體器官大多由軟組織構(gòu)成,有限元法能夠精確地進(jìn)行軟組織幾何大變形仿真。加速有限元仿真有多種方法,文章采用基于模態(tài)分析的模型約簡(jiǎn)方法,對(duì)軟組織有限元模型進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析,將約簡(jiǎn)子空間中的形變向量重構(gòu)到原始空間,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)軟組織實(shí)時(shí)仿真。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,采用模型約簡(jiǎn)方法能夠在仿真效率和真實(shí)性之間取得較好的平衡。
關(guān)鍵詞: 軟組織; 有限元; 模型約簡(jiǎn); 模態(tài)分析
中圖分類號(hào):TP391.9? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A? ? ?文章編號(hào):1006-8228(2022)02-01-04
Body's soft tissue modeling and real time simulation
Wu Weixiang, Wang Jiehua, Gao Zhan
(1. College of Xinglin, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226236, China; 2. School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University)
Abstract: The application of virtual surgery systems are developed to carry out real-time simulation for pre-operative planning and education. Because human organs are mostly composed of soft tissues, finite element method (FEM) can accurately describe the large deformation of soft tissue. There are many methods for accelerating FEM, the model reduction based on the modal analysis is used in this paper, modal analysis is carried out for finite element models, numerical integration is executed in the subspace and the results are used to reconstruct the model’s deformation in original full space, to realize the real time simulation of soft tissue. The result shows that model reduction method can achieve a good balance between simulation efficiency and authenticity.
Key words: soft tissue; FEM; model reduction; modal analysis
0 引言
虛擬手術(shù)是利用醫(yī)學(xué)影像和虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)在計(jì)算機(jī)中建立一個(gè)虛擬環(huán)境,醫(yī)生借助虛擬環(huán)境的信息進(jìn)行手術(shù)規(guī)劃、訓(xùn)練以及教學(xué)等的一種方法,極具發(fā)展前景[1]。
人體軟組織模型的建立已從幾何模型發(fā)展到基于物理特性的模型。在進(jìn)行具有力覺(jué)交互的虛擬手術(shù)仿真中,力覺(jué)交互通常需要較高的刷新率,這對(duì)軟組織變形仿真的實(shí)時(shí)性提出了較高的要求。種種問(wèn)題使得軟組織建模與實(shí)時(shí)仿真成了科研工作者在設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)現(xiàn)虛擬手術(shù)仿真時(shí)需要解決的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題和難題。由于人體軟組織多種多樣,其結(jié)構(gòu)和功能非常復(fù)雜,不同組織的力學(xué)特性也不盡相同,這一切導(dǎo)致對(duì)軟組織模型的研究產(chǎn)生了很大的困難。
軟組織的基本材料特性可概括為:不均勻性、非線性、塑性、粘彈性等材料性質(zhì)[2]?!?br>