○劉美芳
閱讀和寫作是體現小學生綜合語言運用能力的重要部分,因此,教師在教學過程中要注重培養學生的讀寫興趣,形成有效的讀寫策略,提高讀寫能力。本文以My dream教學為例,從話題討論導入語篇,緊扣話題主線分析語篇,幫助學生建構以“話題”為核心的語言知識體系,提升學生閱讀能力,體驗英語寫作樂趣。
1.復習動詞過去式短語。
T:Let’s watch a video and say out the phrases.
Ss:played sports/picked appes/went swimming…
(學生一邊看video 一邊說出上面的過去式動詞短語。)
2.Play a game 激活學生想象思維。
T:God job! I went swimming in the classroom. Is it funny?Can you try?
Ss:I sang and danced on the tree.
……
T:Do you like the game?How do you feel?Say something about your feelings.
Ss: Amazing/funny/tired…
T:I’m excited. In the game,I went fishing in the car. Is it true?
Ss:No,Of course,it is not true.
T:Yes,it’s not true. But it was in my dream. Today we are going to talk about dreams.
在真實、自然的語境交流中,教師建構了本課的話題dream,細水無痕,學生不知不覺進入話題,激發了學習興趣和表達欲望。
1.看圖猜測,扣眼解話題。
T: He had a dream last night. What’s the dream about?Can you guess?
Ss: Maybe it’s about food.
(學生預測夢的內容,思維被激活,充滿了對文本的閱讀期待。)

T:Look at these pictures. They were about Wu Yifan’s dream. What is Wu Yifan’s dream about?
Ss:C.
T:Why do you choose C?
Ss: Because it’s not a PE class.
Ss: There was only one animal in the race,not animals.
教師充分發揮課文插圖所提供的豐富信息,幫助學生有效理解語篇內容,提升語言學習效果。
2.以圖促讀,抓點聚中心。
T:Let’s move to picture 1.What do you see?
Ss:I see a cheetah.
T: Do you know something about cheetahs?
Ss:They can run fast.
… …
教師合理利用配圖,逐步激活語量,構建支架,以圖為“徑”,引導學生看圖說話,以圖促讀,并適時滲透cheetah 相關知識,豐富語言輸入。
3.策略指導,提線啟思維。
T:These pictures are not in the right order. Let’s number the pictures.
Ss: 2—1—3
T:Good! How do you know that?
(教師引導學生在閱讀語篇中找出關鍵句。)
Ss:His father ran very fast,but Wu Yifan could not.
T:Well done! Key sentences can help you read.
T:In the first race,how did Wu Yifan feel?
… …
教師通過Who/What/How/Why 四個問題引領學生分析文本,學生在完成任務的過程中逐步加深對閱讀材料的理解,實現了知識、技能的共同提升。
4.運用語言,聯面成篇章。
T:How was Wu Yifan’s dream?Can you retell?
Ss: It’s a/an _________.(學生表述自己的觀點,根據生成的板書復述課文。)
T: In the morning,Wu Yifan is telling his mom about his dream.
(學生完成書P39 練習。)
在教學中,教師幫助學生構建以“dream”為核心的語言知識體系,對文章的內容和語句進行分析、理解和概括,注重語篇教學在輸入和輸出過程中的整體性,提升學生的語言綜合運用能力。
1.精心搭建支架。
T:I had a dream last night,too. Let me share with you.
… …
T:What’s my dream about?What did I do in my race?How did I feel?
教師向學生展示自己的dream,學生根據三個主要問詞What/Where/How,厘清寫作主要內容。
2.精細指導寫作。
T:OK,it’s your turn to share with your dreams .
(學生四人小組,圍繞What/Where/How 談論做過的夢,與同學分享。)
T: Let’s write down your dreams. We can choose A or B.
A.Imitate Wu Yifan’s or the teacher’s dream.
B. Write your own dreams.
在讀后寫作環節,教師搭建了話題支架,同時分層設計寫作訓練,學生可以自由寫作,也可以再次閱讀語篇進行模仿寫作,培養了學生運用語言的能力。
在核心素養背景下,教師聚焦讀寫話題,和學生一起“悅讀”體驗話題,在閱讀策略指導下,搭建話題支架,鏈接好“讀”的輸入和“寫”的輸出,將讀寫教學中思維的培養和語言的發展在具體語境中有機地結合起來,培養學生可持續發展的英語學習能力。