ABSTRACT

FiscalandTaxSupportandVillageandTownshipBankPerformance:“DevelopmentView”or“DependenceView”—EvidencefromthePanelDataof1 177VillageandTownshipBanksinChina

(HE Guangwen,LI Qian)

Abstract：Evaluation of the influence of the government’s fiscal and tax support of Village and Township Banks(VTBs) on their performance is not only a major issue concerning whether government economic interventions are effective and accurate in relieving the market failure but also a core issue in the achieving VTBs’ social and financial goals.Based on the unbalanced panel data of 1,177 VTBs from 2015 to 2018,the impact of fiscal and tax support of government on promoting the social and financial performance of VTBs is examined using a two-way fixed effect model.The study finds that tax preference has significant positive influence while fiscal subsidies even have significant negative influence on growth of VTBs.The positive effect of tax preference on the outreach and profitability of VTBs is gradually weakened with the increase of operation time.Due to their dependence on supporting tax and fiscal policies,the self-sustainability of VTBs has not been effectively improved.This verifies the “dependence view” on fiscal and tax support.

Keywords:fiscal and tax support;Village and Township Banks (VTBs);social performance;financial performance;dependence view

DiversifiedPlantingandtheFormationandGovernanceofRuralRelativePoverty

(WU Benjian,LUO Ling,DENG Lei)

Abstract：Finding out the causes of relative poverty and the strategies for its mitigation is the focus of poverty alleviation after 2020.Firstly,the mechanism of the impact of diversified planting on rural relative poverty is analyzed on the theoretical level and the research hypothesis is put forward.Secondly,based on the survey data obtained with systematic sampling,the research hypothesis is further demonstrated with quantile regression.As the results show,diversified planting will lead to the loss of scale economy and,if scientific and reasonable operation is lacking,cannot effectively play the role of risk management,which will lead to the reduction of farmers’ income.Its role in reducing the income of high-income farmers is greater than that in reducing the income of low-income farmers,so it can alleviate rural relative poverty to a certain extent but cannot serve as an effective poverty alleviation strategy.Further analysis shows that moderate-scale operation and diversification of risk management means can restrain the effect of diversified planting on income reduction.Therefore,in relative poverty governance,the development of moderate-scale operation should be promoted in rural areas;on the other hand,the rural financial market should be improved and the farmers’ risk management means should be further diversified.

Keywords:diversified planting;scale economy;risk management;relative poverty

TheQualityofPovertyEliminationandSelf-developmentAbilityofPoorHouseholdsfromthePerspectiveofRelativePoverty:AQuantitativeAnalysisBasedontheDataofSixState-levelPoverty-strickenCounties

(ZUO Ting,LI Zefeng,LIN Qiuxiang)

Abstract：The Chinese government had already eliminated absolute poverty by the end of 2020 under the current standard,but the quality of poverty elimination differs greatly among the on-file poor households.From the perspective of relative poverty and with reference to the income standards of intermediate social groups,a sectional sampling of the official data of poor households in six state-level poverty-stricken counties in 2018 is conducted and nine specific indicators of the three dimensions of poverty elimination are analyzed as the factors in the quality.The quality of poverty elimination is closely related to the self-development ability of the poor households.The higher the proportion of minors,the lower the education level per capita and the less arable land per capita,the lower the quality of poverty alleviation.Efforts should be made in the future to strengthen the individual and social capacity and asset building of the target group for self-development.

Keywords:relative poverty;quality of poverty elimination;multinomial logistic regression;self-development ability

AscribedorSelf-induced:AnEmpiricalStudyofInter-generationalTransmissionofPovertyamongUrbanFloatingPopulation—BasedontheDataoftheChineseFamilyPanelStudies(2010—2014)

(ZHANG Qiang,LI Mingyuan)

Abstract：Since the reform and opening up,with the rapid development of China’s market-oriented economic reforms and urbanization,the rural surplus population has continued to flow into cities for employment and development.On the one hand,they get higher economic income than in the countryside;on the other,some of them are prone to poverty due to institutional exclusion and deficiency of capacity.With the tremendous achievements made in the rural poverty alleviation battle,our country’s poverty alleviation work is entering a post-poverty alleviation era,so the problem of urban floating population poverty is getting on the policy agenda.CFPS data are used in this study to measure the degree of and factors in inter-generational transmission of poverty among urban floating population.It is found that the inter-generational income elasticity coefficient of the urban floating population is 0.2 and there is a significant inter-generational transmission.The inter-generational transmission of poverty among the urban floating population is affected not only by the ascribing factors but also by the self-inducing factors.Based on these findings,the “status acquisition model” and the analysis framework in this study is revised and improved.

Keywords:urban floating population;inter-generational poverty transmission;ascribing factors;self-inducing factors

BringingintothePresence:JiangKui’sFigureandHisStyleModeledintheCreativeCiWritinginQingDynasty

(ZHANG Hongsheng)

Abstract：Jiang Kui had great influence on the development of Ci poetry in the Qing Dynasty.The Ci poets in the Qing Dynasty not only highly praised Jiang Kui and made him a lofty goal but also paid close attention to his achievements in the Ci music composition.They often took Jiang Kui’s Ci poetry as a canon and,especially,learn from his creative composition.They also focused on the sentiment,meaning,words and syntax disposed in Jiang’s Ci poetry,summing up the most indicative features so as to better learn from him.In the development of Chinese literature,there is an interactive relationship between writing and theory.It is interesting that despite of the lack of theoretical writings to express the writing idea,we may find that many writers consciously applied the methods to their writings.The way the Ci writers learned from Jiang Kui clearly indicated the relation between theory and creation in the Qing Dynasty.

Keywords:Jiang Kui;Ci poetry in the Qing Dynasty;creative Ci music composition;creation;theory

ScholarlyTendencyofLiteratiCollectionsintheMingandQingDynasties

(HE Shihai)

Abstract：The compilation of literati collections in the Ming and Qing Dynasties showed a striking characteristic of breaking the tradition of purely collecting poems and articles.There appeared a significant tendency of scholarliness shown in the title,content and classification of the literati collections.There even emerged a large number of scholarly collections dominated by academic discussions and ignoring poems and articles.This change reflects the unique understanding of the origin,feature and function of literati collections and the literary conceptions by the intellectuals in Ming and Qing Dynasties.It also reveals the declining status of poems and articles.

Keywords:literati collections;poems and articles;scholarly writing;scholar’s collections;theoretical consciousness

AnInvestigationintotheFormingofLiDongyang’sHistoricalImage

(GAO Mingxiang)

Abstract：In the Ming Dynasty,Li Dongyang made great achievements in literature and politics,but his action of compromise and retreat under Liu Jin’s misuse of imperial power has sparked much controversy.Later generations constructed multiple images of Li based on their political positions and their different motivations.The changes of Li’s image throughout history can be viewed in three perspectives:during Li’s time,after Li’s time and after Ming dynasty.A stylistic examination of the documents that portrayed Li helps to figure out the unique features of these documents and decide on their reliability.A discussion about Li’s several controversial topics helps to restore a more accurate historical image of Li.

Keywords:Li Dongyang;historical image;Liu Jin;Zhengde

TheElegantLifeofaLetter-writingAssistantintheLateQingDynasty

(ZHANG Jian)

Abstract：Shuqi Shiye (leter-writing assistant) is a private secretary responsible for an official’s paper work.Xu Dunren was a letter-writing assistant for Jiang Zhizhang,who was a reputed official during the late Qing Dynasty.Xu’s diaryRisunZhaiDiaryrecords his life as a letter-writing assistant in Chengdu and Xi’an and is an important historical material for the study of letter-writing assistants.A comparison between Xu’s diary and the poems he wrote on his way to Sichuan reveals the similarities and differences between different styles in expressing his experiences and emotions.An examination of all the tasks he mentioned in his diary,including drafting documents,marking examination papers,writing poems and essays in the name of his boss,and editing and proofreading books,brings to light the special contribution of those letter-writing assistants to the management of literary affairs.The diary discloses Xu’s daily life,which was occupied primarily by reading and calligraphy.He read a lot of Confucian classics and calligraphed the pavilion style mostly.These two activities are consistent with his professional identity.The diary also exhibits Xu’s income and expenditure.His income was mainly used to support his relatives,and his correspondence with his relatives was an important pillar of his spiritual life.The diary records the donation he initiated for his uncle Cai Jiayu.There are interesting differences between the records ofSuzhouFuZhiand those of this diary,one being public and the other private.The elegant life of Xu represents some common features of letter-writing assistants in the history.

Keywords:the late Qing Dynasty;letter-writing assistant;Xu Dunren;RisunZhaiDiary;life

TheBiasinAttentiontoEmotionalInformationinIndividualswithDispositionalOptimismandPessimism

(MA Ning,JIANG Chaochao,DAI Wenjie)

Abstract：Dispositional optimism/pessimism is an important personality and plays an important role in regulating individual cognitive process.Previous studies have found that optimistic individuals are more likely to notice positive factors in the environment and ignore negative clues while pessimistic individuals are just the opposite.A dot-probe task is employed to explore the attentional bias of individuals with dispositional optimism/pessimism in face of emotional information.Different valence pictures (positive,negative and neutral) are chosen from CAPS and arranged in pairs of three types (positive-neutral,negative-neutral and neutral-neutral) as the stimulus material.A three-factor mixed design is adopted,in which picture emotion (positive,negative and neutral) and consistency (consistent and inconsistent) are manipulated within subjects and personality trait (optimistic and pessimistic) is manipulated between subjects.The results indicate that optimistic individuals are biased to attention to positive stimuli,revealing the specific source of the tendency.However,there is no significant attentional bias in pessimistic individuals.

Keywords:optimism;pessimism;emotion;attentional bias

TheRelationshipBetweenSocialSupportandtheElderly’sLifeQuality:TheMediatingEffectsofHopeandLoneliness

(LI Yingwu,ZHANG Xueer，ZHONG Shujie)

Abstract：Based on the social support theory,the influence of social support on old people’s psychological health is analyzed to build a mediator model of hope and loneliness for exploring the internal mechanism of the old people’s psychological health development.The questionnaire method is adopted to survey 553 old people and the data are analyzed according to the structural equation model.The main results are as follows.First,social support,hope and loneliness are all vital factors in the old people’s psychological health.Second,social support predicts hope and psychological health significantly positively but predicts loneliness significantly negatively.Third,the mediating effect of social support on psychological health via the hope is obvious.Fourth,the mediating effect of social support on psychological health via loneliness is obvious,too.Finally,hope and loneliness function as multiple agents between social support and psychological health.The psychological mechanism of social support influencing the old people’s psychological health and the mediating effect of the hope and loneliness are verified.Some practical suggestions are given for improving the old people’s psychological health.

Keywords:social support;the elderly’s life quality;hope;loneliness

TheCognitive,NeuralandGeneticMechanismsofNon-suicidalSelf-injury

(YU Chengfu,DENG Yuting,LI Meijin,ZHANG Wei)

Abstract：Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to direct and deliberate bodily harm in the absence of suicidal intent.It is prevalent globally and has become one of the major global public health problems.The existing research has explored the cognitive,neural and genetic mechanisms of NSSI with the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI),the electroencephalograph (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) and in behavioral genetics.Future research need to consider emotional control and cognitive control together to explore the cognitive neural mechanism of NSSI,especially the connections between NSSI-related brain regions.Genetic susceptibility needs to be further explored and the behavioral genetic mechanism of NSSI needs to be studied from the perspective of gene-environment interplay,including gene-environment interaction and the gene-environment correlation,especially the interplay of multiple genes and multiple environments.Moreover,it is highly necessary to carry out multi-perspective and systematic studies based on the “gene-environment-brain-behavior” framework to further reveal the cognitive and neural mechanisms of NSSI.

Keywords:non-suicidal self-injury;cognition;neurology;genetics;gene-environment-brain-behavior

TheInfluenceofRelationshipSelf-expansionontheStabilityofCollegeStudents’RomanticRelationship:TheRoleofGeneralSelf-conceptandNeuroticism

(ZHANG Jing)

Abstract：The self-expansion questionnaire,the Chinese adult self-concept scale,the neurotic subscale of the Big Five Personality Scale and the relationship stability scale are used to investigate 2,133 college students who are in love to explore the influence of relational self-expansion on the stability of their romantic relationship and the mediating effect of general self-concept and the moderating effect of neuroticism.It is found that general self-concept plays a significant mediating role in the influence of relationship self-expansion on relationship stability and that the first-half path of the mediating role of general self-concept and the direct effect of relationship self-expansion on relationship stability are moderated by neuroticism.In conclusion,the mediating effect of general self-concept on relationship stability is partial and the mediating effect of general self-concept is more significant in the low neurotic group;the predictive effect of relationship self-expansion on relationship stability increases with the neuroticism level.

Keywords:relationship self-expansion;romantic relationship stability;general self-concept;neuroticism;college students

IndustrialAgglomeration,UrbanPopulationSizeandCoordinatedDevelopmentofRegionalEconomy:AComparativeStudyofTwelveUrbanAgglomerationsinChina

(ZHANG Fengchao，LI Xin)

Abstract：Based on the panel data of 191 cities of 12 urban agglomerations in China from 2005 to 2018,the synergistic effect of industrial agglomeration and urban population size on economic growth is examined.It is found that,on the whole,China’s specialized agglomeration is not conducive to economic growth and the promotive effect of diversified agglomeration on economic growth has not yet been produced.With the expansion of population size,the effect of agglomeration economy is inhibited.Specialized agglomeration is suitable for “small and fine” urban development and diversified agglomeration is suitable for “large and comprehensive” urban development on the premise that the economic externality of diversified agglomeration is produced.In the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations,the potential of industrial development is limited,and the expansion of population size is conducive to the promotion of economy by industrial agglomeration.The effective solution to real coordinated development of regional economy is a transition from agglomeration to balance.

Keywords:specialized agglomeration;diversified agglomeration;urban population size;coordinated economic development

High-techIndustryIsomorphismandRegionalEconomicGrowth:ASpatialEconometricAnalysisBasedonthePearlRiverDelta

(HUANG Xiaoliang)

Abstract：The similarity of industrial development between the various areas in the Pearl River Delta region is very high.How to give full play to the role of the isomorphism of high-tech industry in the region to promote regional economic growth and to its significant positive externality is worth further study.If the isomorphism of high-tech industries in the Pearl River Delta increases by 1% on average,the output elasticity will increase by 0.187%,of which 10% is due to the spatial spillover effect of the isomorphism of high-tech industries in the region.The isomorphism of high-tech industries in the Pearl River Delta has a significant positive externality,which contributes to the promotion of regional industrial upgrading and economic and social development.

Keywords:high-tech industry;industrial isomorphism;Moran’s I index;regional economic growth;spatial econometrics;the Pearl River Delta

OntheLawofConcerninIdeologicalandPoliticalEducation

(WEI Zesheng,QIU Xiangxiang)

Abstract：The law of concern is the basic principle of the methodology of ideological and political education.The implementation of the law of concern is the key to the relationship between ideological and political education subjects and the formation of an educational community.The law of concern consists of three parts:understanding,collaboration and guidance.Understanding means that ideological and political educators fully understand the concerns of the educational objects by various means and adjust their work programs based on them.Collaboration means constructing the field,problem or target that are concerned about by both the subjects and the objects of ideological and political education that,based on the preset content and objects of ideological and political education.Guidance means that ideological and political educators should guide the behavior of the educational objects and change their motivation and content so as to help them establish a correct world outlook,outlook on life and values.The implementation of the law of concern is of great significance for improving the effectiveness of ideological and political education.

Keywords:ideological and political education;efficiency;the law of concern

TheTextCharacteristicsandGovernanceofInternetRumorsinSuddenMajorPublicHealthEvents:ACaseStudyoftheRumorsofCOVID-19EpidemicRefutedontheChinaInternetJointRumorPlatform

(PENG Liu,CHEN Hongfei)

Abstract：The COVID-19 epidemic-related rumors refuted by China Internet Joint Rumor Platform is selected as the research object and content analysis is adopted as the research method to analyze the text characteristics of these rumors on five dimensions:the subject of the rumors,the involved objects,the supporting evidence,the content claim,and the expression of the rumors.The study finds that rumors are good at using audience psychology,strengthening importance and proximity,showing the interweaving of authority and vague expression,mixing authenticity and falseness of information to cause difficulty in distinction,and creating a rational and cool-headed discourse.It is proposed that the government,experts,media and rumor-refuting organizations jointly build platforms for information release and rumor management and that the government,media and the public work together to reduce the time and space in which rumors breed and manage internet rumors in case of sudden major public health events.

Keywords:sudden major public health events;COVID-19 epidemic;internet rumor;rumor governance

TheEssenceandGovernanceofInternetPublicOpinion:ACaseStudyoftheCOVID-19Epidemic

(KUANG Liangfeng,LUO Yufu)

Abstract：The issue of internet public opinion is,in essence,an issue of the government response to a problem rather than a problem of information.The public opinion about the COVID-19 epidemic,including its formation,explosion,repetition and reduction,are all closely related to the local government’s response to the public demand for information.The governance of public opinion should shift from information governance to improving the effectiveness of government response,that is,correctly identifying the nature of public opinion,improving the ability to respond,and solving the bottleneck of response mechanism.

Keywords:internet public opinion;COVID-19 epidemic;response mechanism