介詞后填名詞還是動名詞？

楊華新

在做語法填空，遇到在介詞后面填詞，括號內的提示詞是動詞時，不少學生甚至老師會感到困惑：因介詞后既可接名詞也可接動名詞，究竟是填該動詞的名詞形式，還是用動名詞形式？

請看下面這道高考題：

You may drink， smoke， be overweight and still reduce your risk of _________（die）early by running.

此題到底是填death呢？還是填dying？

我們知道，動名詞具有名詞的用法，同時也依然有動詞的性質。如，動名詞可以接賓語，也可以被副詞修飾。因本題所給動詞后有副詞early修飾，應填die的動名詞形式dying。

注意：若把原題稍作改動，將early置于空格前，即reduce your risk of early_________（die），那么，此處的early就成了形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，就應填die的名詞形式death。

判斷介詞后所給動詞是填其名詞形式還是填動名詞形式，可以根據以下幾個方面來確定。

一、空格后有賓語，填動名詞形式

Eventually they realized the importance of? ________（protect）wildlife.

解析：所給動詞后接有名詞wildlife作賓語，要用所給動詞的動名詞形式，填protecting。

二、空格后有狀語修飾，填動名詞形式

He hesitated for a while before ________（reply）politely.

解析：賓格后副詞politely（有禮地）修飾，填動詞reply的動名詞形式replying。

三、空格前有定語修飾，或有形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、冠詞等限定詞時，填名詞形式

Eventually they realized the importance of wildlife ________ （protect）.

解析：空格前有名詞wildlife充當定語，填名詞protection，表示“野生動物保護”。

四、空格后無賓語或狀語，填名詞形式

1. Theres little possibility of _________（succeed）for her.

2. ...，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _________（achieve）.

解析：空格后無名詞或從句作賓語，也無副詞修飾，故填名詞形式。分別填success， achievement。

當然，有時用兩種形式都可以。如：

After（graduate）? ? ? ? from university， my brother chose to work as a physics teacher in a small village.

此題填名詞graduation或動名詞graduating均可。

實戰演練

請同學們根據以上判斷方法，獨立完成以下練習。

1.（1）After _______（think）for a while， he soon came up with a perfect idea.

（2）Without a moments _______（think）， he soon came up with a perfect idea.

2.（1）Thank you from the bottom of my heart for _______（invite）me to your birthday party.

（2）Thank you from the bottom of my heart for your _______（invite）.

3.（1）Thanks a lot for _______（assist）me in learning chemistry.

（2）Thanks a lot for your_______（assist）in learning chemistry.

4.（1）With the boy _______（guide）us， we had no trouble getting to the destination.

（2）Under the _______（guide）of the boy， we had no trouble getting to the destination.

5.（1）On _______（arrive）there， we were warmly welcomed.

（2）On our _______（arrive）， we were warmly welcomed.

6.（1）After a long time of _______（fly）， the birds stopped for a rest.

（2）After _______（fly）for a long time， the birds stopped for a rest.

7. The development was only possible with the _______（develop）of these new railway lines.

8.（1）After a brief _______（introduce）， I showed the British visitors around the local places of interest.

（2）After _______（introduce）myself briefly， I showed the British visitors around the local places of interest.

9.（1）After careful _______（consider）he agreed to go there with us.

（2）After ________（consider）carefully he agreed to go there with us.

參考答案

1.（1）thinking （2）thought? 2.（1）inviting（2）invitation? 3.（1）assisting（2）assistance? 4.（1）guiding（2）guidance? 5.（1）arriving（2）arrival? 6.（1）flight（2）flying? 7. development? 8.（1）introduction（2）introducing? 9.（1）consideration（2）considering

責任編輯 蔣小青