巧抓三類詞語，提升復述能力

袁兵艷

廣東英語聽說考試中Retelling 部分主要考查考生的聽力理解能力、速記能力和口頭表達能力。本文旨在結合考生在訓練與考試中反映出的問題探索如何提高基礎薄弱考生的故事復述能力。

考生主要存在以下三個問題：

1. 無法協調好聽與速記的關系;

2. 無法準確捕捉信息要點;

3. 根據速記要點連句成篇時句子結構不準確。

要解決這些問題，首先得了解故事類文章的主要特點：

1. 動詞或動詞短語展現故事發展情節;

2. 名詞和代詞表達故事所講述的人和事;

3. 形容詞體現故事中人物的情感以及人或物的身份、性質或特征。

因此，我們在做故事復述時，要重點聽好并記錄好動詞、名詞（或代詞）、形容詞這三種詞。

我們以2021年廣東省聽說考試A卷為例，具體談談如何根據故事類文章的特點來訓練，提高故事復述能力。

第一步，在所給故事梗概和關鍵詞中找動詞、名詞和形容詞，為復述作準備。

梗概：Tom兒時扔掉的畫被奶奶用心收藏，成名后辦畫展派上用場。

關鍵詞：drawing（畫）throw（扔）grandma（奶奶）exhibition（展覽）touched（感動）

動詞：throw away（扔掉），collect（收藏），hold（舉辦）

它們是故事情節發展的關鍵點，是故事復述過程中要使用到的謂語或非謂語動詞，也是復述過程中展現故事情節發展的核心。

名詞：Tom，drawing（畫），grandma（奶奶），exhibition（展覽）

它們是故事中的重要人物、事件和物品，是故事復述時所要用到的主語、賓語或表語，是故事復述的主要對象。

形容詞：famous（成名），touched（感動）

它們是故事中人物的特征和感受，是故事復述時的定語或表語，它們使復述的故事變得更加具體和完善。

第二步，記動詞或動詞短語，抓住故事情節的發展。

聽第一遍錄音時，爭取努力聽懂故事情節的發展，同時，在草稿紙上由上而下寫出能體現故事情節發展的動詞或動詞短語，抓住故事發展的起因、過程、高潮和結局。在記筆記的過程中盡量做到一行只寫一兩個、最多三個動詞或動詞短語，留出足夠寬的空間來添加第二遍聽取到的其它信息。如：

... loved ...

wanted to draw ...

... roll up ... throw into ...

... happened ... come ... encourage ... try ...

... went ...

... collected ...

... received ...

... hold ...

... show ... grew ...

... needed ...

... liked ...

... searched ...

... completed ...

... found ...

... ask ... go down ...

... showed ...

... opened ...

... threw away ...

... kept ... marked ... drew ...

... gave ...

第三步，添加重要的名詞、形容詞，補充時間和地點，完善故事情節發展的過程。

聽第二遍錄音時，圍繞筆記中的動詞或動詞短語添加體現人物情感變化以及描述人物身份、特征和事物性質特征的形容詞、名詞，補充故事發生的時間和地點，必要時添加個別重要的副詞。故事梗概和給出關鍵詞中已有的名詞和形容詞無需重復，以免增加速寫負擔。如：

... little boy ... loved ...

... wanted to draw perfect pictures ...

... bad ... roll up ... throw into ... dustbin ...

... whenever ... happened ... come ... encourage ... try again...

... years went by ...

... now ... famous painter ...

... collected ... art galleries ... country

... one day ... received ... letter

... gallery ... hold ...

... show ... grew ... young learner ... famous painter ...

... needed ... earlier works ...

... liked ... idea

... searched ... house

... completed ... boy

... found ... several ... not enough ...

... ask ... go down ... basement ...

... showed ... huge box

... opened ...

... threw away ... in the past ...

... kept ... marked ... date ... drew ...

... deeply touched ...

... gave ... big hug ...

第四步，用主謂、主謂賓和主系表等基本句型完善復述內容。

1. 主系表常用于復述人物身份、所處狀態和人物情感。常用的系動詞有be， became和felt等。如：

（1）Tom was a little boy.

（2）He felt bad.

（3）Tom now was a famous painter.

（4）Tom felt upset.

（5）Tom felt deeply touched.

…

2. 主謂、主謂賓常用于描述故事發展過程和結局。如：

（1）Tom loved drawing.

（2）He rolled the drawings up and threw them into the dustbin.

（3）His grandma came and encouraged him to try again.

（4）Tom received a letter from a famous gallery.

（5）His grandma asked him to go down to the basement.

（6）Tom gave her a big hug.

…

我們在復述過程中盡可能使用短句，避免使用長難句。如果遇到長難句，盡可能拆分成短句。如：

The moment he entered the classroom， he saw peter crying to the teacher that someone had stolen his watch.

該句可拆分成三個簡單句①He entered the classroom. ②He saw peter crying. ③ Peter told the teacher someone had stolen his watch.

根據以上步驟，我們可以得出以下故事復述參考范文：

When Tom was a little boy， he loved drawing and wanted to draw perfect pictures. If he felt bad about his drawings， he would roll them up and throw them into the dustbin. When this happened， his grandma would come and encourage him to try again. Years went by， Tom was now a famous painter and his works were collected by many art galleries in the country. One day， Tom received a letter from a well known art gallery. The gallery needed his earlier works to hold an exhibition to show how Tom grew from a young learner to a famous painter. Tom liked this idea so he searched the house for his earlier works. But he felt upset because he just found several pieces， not enough for the exhibition. Knowing this， his grandma asked Tom to go down to the basement with her and showed him a huge box. After opening it， he found the drawings he threw away in the past， which were well kept and marked with the date. Tom felt deeply touched and gave his grandma a big hug.

總之，根據上述步驟，我們可以明確在復述的故事中，句子的主語和賓語正是從聽力原文中聽到并記下的名詞或代詞，句子的謂語則是從聽力原文中聽到并記下的動詞或動詞短語，句子的表語是從聽力原文中聽到并記下的形容詞或名詞，而句子的定語是從聽力原文中聽到并記下的形容詞。因此，在備考英語聽說Retelling部分時，我們要培養記錄動詞、名詞和形容詞，以及用這些詞組成結構正確的句子進行故事復述的能力。

責任編輯 蔣小青