腦卒中高危人群篩查現狀及危險因素分析

郭玉華 熊良圣 趙麗麗 周欣諭 劉睿 黃美琴

[關鍵詞] 腦卒中;高危人群;篩查;危險因素

[中圖分類號] R743.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701（2021）25-0106-04

Screening status and risk factors of high-risk population for stroke

GUO Yuhua1? ?XIONG Liangsheng1? ?ZHAO Lili1? ?ZHOU Xinyu1? ?LIU Rui2? ?HUANG Meiqin2

1.Yichun Vocational Technical College，Yichun? ?336000，China;2.Yichun Center for Disease Control and Prevention，Yichun? ?336000，China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the current status of high-risk population for stork and exposure to risk factors in Yichun，to provide evidence for targeted primary interventions for stroke patients. Methods Residents aged ≥40 years old in three communities in Yichun，Binjiang，Gaocheng，and Lingquan，were screened for high-risk population for stroke from June 2017 to December 2019，using cluster sampling method.Analysis was conducted on screened high-risk population. Results Among the 12 420 residents， 2609 （21.01%） were found to be at high risk for stroke.The detection rate was the highest in the 60-69 age group， and the detection rate in males was higher than that in females. There were statistical differences in detection rate among residents with different gender and age，except for urban and rural areas （P<0.01）. The top three risk factors distributed in the high-risk population were lack of exercise （55.31%）， hypertension （51.78%）， and smoking （36.95%）. Residents with risk factors had higher detection rate of high-risk population than the non-high-risk population. Single-factor analysis showed statistically significant differences （P<0.01）. Conclusion The detection rate of high-risk population for stroke in Yichun is higher than the national average.It is necessary to strengthen the management of high-risk population for stoke to reduce and eliminate risk factors and reduce the incidence of stroke.

[Key words] Stroke; High-risk population; Screening; Risk factors

腦卒中又叫“中風”，是一種心腦血管疾病，包括缺血性和出血性腦卒中。在成人中其具有發病率、患病率、復發率、致殘率和死亡率高，覆蓋面積廣的特點。這種流行病學特點嚴重影響了患者的生命質量，已成為我國居民首位死亡病因[1]，也為我國社會和家庭帶來了沉重的經濟負擔[2-3]。但截止到2018年，我國腦卒中發病率和患病率仍不斷上升，腦卒中的疾病負擔有爆發性增長趨勢[4]，因此對社區居民進行腦卒中風險篩查和干預，以降低其發病率，提高居民生命質量，節約社會公共資源，是腦卒中防控的重要任務。本研究通過聯合我市疾病控制中心和基層醫院，對受檢社區≥40歲以上的居民進行篩查，分析宜春市腦卒中高危人群現狀及其危險因素暴露情況，為腦卒中高危人群干預措施的實施提供依據。

1 資料與方法

1.1一般資料

采取整群抽樣的方法，于2017年6月至2019年12月期間，對宜春市彬江、高城和靈泉3個社區，年齡≥40歲以上人群共12420名，進行腦卒中高危人群篩查，選擇符合納入標準的高危人群作為研究對象。