微生物菌劑對(duì)烤煙植物學(xué)性狀與農(nóng)藝性狀的影響

周家新 段昶 曹亞凡 黃金輝 金康 程黃萍 柏永超 王永齊 楊悅章

摘 要：為改善商洛煙區(qū)土壤肥力，促進(jìn)烤煙生長發(fā)育，開展了微生物不同菌劑與不同施用量雙因素大田試驗(yàn)，對(duì)烤煙植物學(xué)性狀和農(nóng)藝性狀進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明：（1）巨大芽孢桿菌和復(fù)合菌劑的低水平處理（A1、C1和C2）的植物學(xué)性狀相對(duì)較優(yōu);（2）B4處理株高最高，平均為129.7cm，比對(duì)照高12.8%，適量應(yīng)用微生物菌劑對(duì)煙株生長具有良好的促進(jìn)作用;（3）烤煙莖圍B1最大為13.9cm，與對(duì)照相比增加12.1%，低水平微生物菌劑的應(yīng)用能夠增加烤煙的莖圍，但施用量過多不利于莖圍的增加;（4）施用微生物菌劑的各處理烤煙節(jié)距均高于對(duì)照，其中C1最高為7.77cm;（5）各處理烤煙腰葉長度以C1最高為83cm，與對(duì)照相比分別增加12.2%，同一菌劑內(nèi)不同水平處理表現(xiàn)出不同的增減趨勢(shì);（6）各處理烤煙腰葉寬度以C1最高為45.7cm，與對(duì)照相比增加15.7%。

關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙;微生物菌劑;植物學(xué)性狀;農(nóng)藝性狀

中圖分類號(hào) S572? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A文章編號(hào) 1007-7731（2021）19-0040-04

Effects of Microbial Agents on Botanical and Agronomic Characters of Flue-cured Tobacco

ZHOU Jiaxin1 et al.

（1Huahuan International Tobacco Co.， Ltd， Chuzhou 233121， China）

Abstract： In order to improve the soil fertility and promote the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco in Shangluo tobacco growing area， a field experiment with different microbial agents and different application rates was carried out to study and analyze the botanical and agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that：（1） the botanical characters of low-level treatments （A1， C1 and C2） of Bacillus megaterium and compound microbial agents were relatively better; （2）The plant height of B4 treatment was the highest， with an average of 129.7cm， 12.8% higher than that of the control; （3）The maximum stem girth B1 of flue-cured tobacco was 13.9cm， which increased by 12.1% compared with the control. The application of low-level microbial agents could affect the stem girth of flue-cured tobacco， but excessive application was not conducive to the increase of stem girth; （4）The results showed that the pitch of flue-cured tobacco was higher than that of the control， and the highest value of C1 was 7.77cm; （5）The length of C1 was 83cm in all treatments， which increased by 12.2% compared with the control; （6）Among all treatments， C1 had the highest waist leaf width of 45.7cm， which increased by 15.7% compared with the control.

Key words： Flue-cured Tobacco; Microbial Inoculum; Botanical Characters; Agronomic Characters

土壤微生物是土壤肥力的重要組成部分，是促進(jìn)土壤物質(zhì)循環(huán)和植物營養(yǎng)吸收的重要因素，豐富且合理的微生物是土壤肥力的重要保障[1]。多年不恰當(dāng)?shù)母鞔胧┡c化肥農(nóng)藥的濫用，導(dǎo)致我國農(nóng)田土壤微生物群落多樣性下降[2-4]。近年來，人為施入具活性的微生物菌劑已成為改善土壤微生物群落的重要手段。當(dāng)前，烤煙上施用微生物菌劑的報(bào)道較多，均取得了較好效果，且主要集中在改善土壤理化性狀、促進(jìn)煙株生長以及提高煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量等方面[5-7]。商洛煙區(qū)長期連作和化肥的連年使用，導(dǎo)致植煙土壤結(jié)構(gòu)變差、肥料利用率降低、肥力下降、土壤微生物多樣性減少、病蟲害加重等生產(chǎn)和生態(tài)問題，嚴(yán)重制約著商洛煙葉質(zhì)量風(fēng)格的形成和可持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。為探索微生物菌劑對(duì)烤煙生長發(fā)育的影響，筆者開展了微生物菌劑大田試驗(yàn)，旨在為商洛煙區(qū)烤煙生產(chǎn)提供技術(shù)支持。

1 材料與方法

1.1 供試材料 供試品種為云煙87，供試微生物菌劑：巨大芽孢桿菌、膠質(zhì)芽孢桿菌、復(fù)合微生物菌劑。

1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) 采取不同菌劑與不同施用量雙因素設(shè)計(jì)，共設(shè)16個(gè)處理（見表1）;每個(gè)處理4行，同1行內(nèi)每15株設(shè)置1個(gè)菌劑施用水平，共60株。不同菌劑處理隨機(jī)排列，同一菌劑不同施用量處理按順序排布在同行，同一行不同處理之間設(shè)置3株煙作為空白間隔，每行栽植93株煙，1個(gè)同質(zhì)菌劑小區(qū)面積約225m2。3個(gè)菌劑處理加1個(gè)對(duì)照處理為1個(gè)重復(fù)，對(duì)照處理設(shè)置2行，1個(gè)重復(fù)面積為867.1m2;重復(fù)3次，試驗(yàn)小區(qū)四周設(shè)置保護(hù)行。各處理間除微生物菌劑的施用外，其他操作與對(duì)照（CK）保持一致，均按本年度當(dāng)?shù)爻Ｒ?guī)操作要求執(zhí)行。