太湖流域高密度平原河網地區河流健康快速評價

周星宇　吳建斌　白瑞泉　劉帥　劉睿　李建華

摘 要：河流作為重要的地貌與生態系統，是影響河網地區城鎮化發展的關鍵因素，而城鎮化進程的加快降低區域生態發展質量。以吳江區6條河道作為研究對象，以政府管理和公眾反饋為指導目標，構建包括河流水質、水文、河床地貌、水生生物以及河岸帶形態5個方面、15項指標的河流健康快速評價體系，并通過調查問卷收集居民反饋與綜合評價結果對比。結果表明：清水盪菀南、錢家甸東港以及肖家橋河段健康處于良好，浦家埭和打弓灣河段處于中等，照家灣河段處于亞健康;限制河段健康的主要原因是流速低、河床地貌硬質化以及河岸帶被侵占;與居民調查結果對比顯示，河流評價結果與公眾感官具有較高的一致性，說明該體系具可操作性，適宜在吳江區域推廣使用。

關鍵詞：城鎮化;河流健康評價;調查問卷;平原河網;河流管理

中圖分類號 X524? 文獻標識碼 A文章編號 1007-7731（2021）17-0165-06

Rapid Assesssment of River Health in the High-density Plain River Network Area of the Taihu Lake Basin， China

ZHOU Xingyu1 et al.

（1State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse，School of Environmental Science and Engineering， Tongji University， Shanghai 200092， China）

Abstract： As an important landform and ecosystem， rivers are a key factor affecting the development of urbanization in river network areas. The acceleration of urbanization has caused damage to the river ecology and reduced the quality of regional ecological development. Taking 6 rivers in Wujiang District as the research object， with government management and public feedback as the guiding target， construct a rapid river health assessment system with 15 indicators in 5 aspects including river water quality， hydrology， riverbed topography， aquatic organisms and riparian zone. And research through the questionnaire to collect residents' feedback and compare the results of the assessment. The results show that： Qingshuidang River， Qianjiadian River and Xiaojiaqiao River are in health state， Pujiadai River and Dagongwan River are in medium state， and Zhaojiawan River is in sub-healthy state. The main factors for restricting the health of the surveyed river are river velocity， the hardened riverbed topography and riparian zone whichs invaded by others. The comparison with the questionnaire results of residents shows that the river assessment results have a high consistency with the public senses， which proves the operability of the system and is suitable for popularization in Wujiang area.

Key words： Urbanization; River Health Assessment; Questionnaire; Plain River Network; River management